Lower Paraffin Hydrocarbons. Catalytic Conversion by Boron Fluoride with Hydrogen Fluoride.

Hughes, E. C.; Darling, S. M.

doi:10.1021/ie50495a046

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The work from Jia et al also sought to improve recoverability of the iridium complex by covalently tethering the catalyst to a support . Additionally, nearly 50 years ago, researchers at Chevron Corporation reported a heterogeneous Pt and W system that appeared to perform dehydrogenation and olefin metathesis of butane but operated at temperatures between 343 °C and 427 °C, a temperature range that approaches the operating conditions for some catalytic cracking processes. , To date, no fully heterogeneous TDOCM catalyst system has been reported for polyolefin depolymerization to our knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem Heterogeneous Catalysis for Polyethylene Depolymerization via an Olefin-Intermediate Process

Ellis

Orski

Kenlaw

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

107

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The accumulation of plastic waste in the environment has prompted the development of new chemical recycling technologies. A recently reported approach employed homogeneous organometallic catalysts for tandem dehydrogenation and olefin cross metathesis to depolymerize polyethylene (PE) feedstocks to a mixture of alkane products. Here, we build on that prior work by developing a fully heterogeneous catalyst system using a physical mixture of SnPt/γ-Al2O3 and Re2O7/γ-Al2O3. This heterogeneous catalyst system produces a distribution of linear alkane products from a model, linear C20 alkane, n-eicosane, and from a linear PE substrate (which is representative of high-density polyethylene), both in an n-pentane solvent. For the PE substrate, a molecular weight decrease of 73% was observed at 200 °C in 15 h. This type of tandem chemistry is an example of an olefin-intermediate process, in which poorly reactive aliphatic substrates are first activated through dehydrogenation and then functionalized or cleaved by a highly-active olefin catalyst. Olefin-intermediate processes like that examined here offer both a selective and versatile means to depolymerize polyolefins at lower severity than traditional pyrolysis or cracking conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem Heterogeneous Catalysis for Polyethylene Depolymerization via an Olefin-Intermediate Process

Ellis

Orski

Kenlaw

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

107

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“…Extrapolation of the data to obtain the 4.4°i sotherm represents the limit of such an extrapolation due to a large change in the temperature coefficient of solubility below 0°C. (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Boron Trifluoride in Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride.

Mikovsky¹,

Levy²,

Hensley³

1961

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…The apparatus and procedures employed are described by Hughes and Darling (7). The boron fluoride and hydrogen fluoride were obtained in cylinders from the Harshaw Chemical Co. and were used as received.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Sulfur and Aromatics from Petroleum

Hughes¹,

Scovill²,

Whitacre³

et al. 1951

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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T h e high-sulfur crudes produced in this country have less value than the sweet crude oils. The sulfur compounds are troublesome to refine, requiring special noncorrosible equipment. The presence of the sulfur in products is undesirable in every case. The work was undertaken in an effort to provide basic information on a novel method of separating sulfur compounds. I t was shown that the majority of sulfur compounds in crude oil and even in the heaviest 50% of the crude oil can be removed by the new combination of reagents, and that it is also possible to separate the aromatics.The significance of these results is twofold. The funda-OR some time aluminum halides with the halide acid have F been known to form complexes with aromatics ( l a , 13, 15) a,nd aromatics have been separated commercially from lubricating oil fractions with these reagents ( 8 , l l ) . Recently hydrogen fluo-.ride has been described as a reagent for removing sulfur compounds (5, 9,14). Boron fluoride has been used with hydrogen fluoride for treating purposes ( 3 , 4). The results of treating a number of stocks with hydrogen fluoride and boron fluoride are given in this paper. Aromatics and sulfur-containing compounds were substantially removed by the solvent system. APPARATUS AND PROCEDUREThe apparat'us and procedures employed are described by Hughes and Darling ( 7 ) . The boron fluoride and hydrogen fluoride were obtained in cylinders from the Harshaw Chemical Co. and were used as reeeived. Under t,he conditions used in this work, the solvent system consisted of a liquid hydrogen fluoride phase and a gaseous boron fluoride phase.The apparatus employed was a >Ionel-lined pressure bomb with a 3-inch inside diameter and a capacity of 2.8 liters. The bomb was equipped with three turbinelike stirrers which rot,ated inside a peripheral group of stationary hlonel baffles.Before each experiment the apparatus was thoroughly dried and flushed with t,ank nitrogen. The hydrogen fluoride and hydrocarbon charges were forced into the reactor from pressure mental science shows that the system hydrogen fluorideboron trifluoride will form complexes with aromatics and sulfur compounds in the same way as Friedel-Crafts catalysts, and that it is possible to disassociate these complexes at higher temperatures with recovery of the reagents. Practically it would be possible to use these reagents for large scale separations of sulfur or aromatic compounds. The process is in competition with solvent extraction processes. The reagent is highly selective and easily recoverable. Preparations of high quality lcerosenes, lubricating oils, and crude oils from stocks of poor quality are suggested as possible uses for the reagent. vessels which could be weighed to measure the charges. The desired partial pressure of boron fluoride was maintained from a small cylinder, which also could be weighed t,o measure boron fluoride consumption. The react'or was immersed in a water bath. The contents of the reactor were removed through a long siphon tube. The solvent and hydrocarb...

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Lower Paraffin Hydrocarbons. Catalytic Conversion by Boron Fluoride with Hydrogen Fluoride.

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Tandem Heterogeneous Catalysis for Polyethylene Depolymerization via an Olefin-Intermediate Process

Tandem Heterogeneous Catalysis for Polyethylene Depolymerization via an Olefin-Intermediate Process

Solubility of Boron Trifluoride in Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride.

Separation of Sulfur and Aromatics from Petroleum

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