Lower Motor Neuron

Lahunta, Alexander de; Glass, Eric N.; Kent, Marc

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-69611-1.00005-0

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Dog 3 remained absent anal reflex, perineal sensation, and locomotion of tail. The neural control of urinary bladder, urethral sphincter, anal reflex, and perineal sensation is origin from the lumbosacral (L4-S3) spinal cord 32,38 . This may indicate the presence of anal reflex and perineal sensation after the surgical treatment and the cAd-MSCs transplantation are highly correlated with the good outcome of urinary incontinence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Chen¹,

Yang²,

Wang

et al. 2022

Cell Transplant

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Severe lumbosacral pain, paraparesis or paraplegia, and urinary incontinence are common but frustrating problems in dogs with lumbosacral spinal cord injury (SCI). The surgical interventions including stabilization and decompression may not restore satisfying neurological functions in severe SCI. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) show benefits in immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and promotion of axonal growth and remyelination, and also display efficacy in several diseases in veterinary medicine. In this report, four dogs presented with fracture of sacrum vertebrae or fracture of seventh lumbar and lumbosacral displacement after road traffic accidents. The clinical signs include lumbosacral pain (4/4), paraparesis (3/4), paraplegia (1/4), and urinary incontinence (4/4). All dogs were treated by surgical decompression with or without stabilization 1 to 7 weeks after trauma. Allogeneic canine Ad-MSCs (cAd-MSCs) were injected locally on nerve roots through the surgical region in all dogs. One dose of intravenous transplantation and 4 doses of local transplantation were also performed within 8 weeks after the surgery separately. All dogs showed significant neurological improvements with normal ambulatory ability (4/4) and urinary control (3/4) 3 months after the surgery and the first cAd-MSCs transplantation. No side effect was related to multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations during 6 months monitoring in all dogs. In conclusion, multiple cAd-MSCs transplantations could be a recommended treatment combined with surgery in dogs with lumbosacral SCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Chen¹,

Yang²,

Wang

et al. 2022

Cell Transplant

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“…The ventral nerve root consists of efferent fibers that originate from visceral and somatic efferent (i.e., motor) neurons in the spinal cord. A spinal nerve is formed at the merger of the dorsal and ventral nerve roots and thus contains afferent and efferent neurons [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spinal nerves leave the spinal canal through the lateral vertebral foramen (the first cervical spinal nerve), the intervertebral foramina (the second cervical spinal nerve until the seventh lumbar spinal nerve), or the dorsal and ventral sacral foramina (the sacral spinal nerves). After the spinal nerves have left the spinal canal, they branch into a dorsal branch, ventral branch, ramus communicans, and (recurrent) meningeal branch [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conjoined Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Nerve Roots in a Dog

Lichtenauer,

Santifort,

Willems

et al. 2024

Anatomia

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Vertebral and spinal cord anomalies are well known in veterinary medicine. However, nerve root anomalies are seldomly reported. In human patients, nerve root anomalies can cause back pain and radicular pain. In human medicine, nerve root anomalies are more often found in cadaveric studies than in imaging studies, representing the lack of advanced imaging in the past and the unawareness about these pathologies. Additionally, nerve root anomalies can mimic other pathologies in imaging studies. It is important to know about the anatomy of the individual patient not only for correctly localizing the pathology but also for surgical planning and to prevent iatrogenic trauma to the patient. Conjoined nerve roots are a type of nerve root anomaly described in human medicine and are defined as two nerve roots that either share a common dural envelope at some point during their course from the dural sac or that have their origin very close together in the dural sac. In humans, lumbosacral nerve roots are most commonly conjoined, and signs of pain may be associated with this anomaly. We report the magnetic resonance imaging finding of right-sided conjoined L7 and S1 nerve roots in a dog that presented with lumbosacral hyperesthesia. We postulate that it is possible that the conjoined nerve roots played a role in the clinical signs of this dog. This is an anomaly that has not been reported before in veterinary medicine.

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Lower Motor Neuron

Cited by 2 publications

References 110 publications

The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

The Long-Term Efficacy Study of Multiple Allogeneic Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantations Combined With Surgery in Four Dogs With Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury

Conjoined Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Nerve Roots in a Dog

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