Lower liver-related death in African-American women with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, compared to Caucasian and Hispanic women

Sarkar, Monika; Bacchetti, Peter; French, Audrey L.; Tien, Phyllis C.; Glesby, Marshall J.; Nowicki, Marek; Plankey, Michael; Gange, Stephen J.; Sharp, Gerald B.; Minkoff, Howard; Peters, Marion G.

doi:10.1002/hep.25859

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lo Re et al [7] did not find any significant difference in risk of hip fracture between HIV/HCV co-infected and HIV mono-infected patients. Thus, no data were reported in the publication and were not included in the analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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The Effect of HIV-Hepatitis C Co-Infection on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveThere is a variable body of evidence on adverse bone outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We examined the association of HIV/HCV co-infection on osteoporosis or osteopenia (reduced bone mineral density; BMD) and fracture.DesignSystematic review and random effects meta-analyses.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted for articles published in English up to 1 April 2013. All studies reporting either BMD (g/cm2, or as a T-score) or incident fractures in HIV/HCV co-infected patients compared to either HIV mono-infected or HIV/HCV uninfected/seronegative controls were included. Random effects meta-analyses estimated the pooled odds ratio (OR) and the relative risk (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThirteen eligible publications (BMD N = 6; Fracture = 7) of 2,064 identified were included with a total of 427,352 subjects. No publications reported data on HCV mono-infected controls. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies confirmed that low bone mineral density was increasingly prevalent among co-infected patients compared to HIV mono-infected controls (pooled OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.18, 3.31) but not those uninfected (pooled OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.78, 2.78). Significant association between co-infection and fracture was found compared to HIV mono-infected from cohort and case-control studies (pooled RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.33, 1.86) and compared to HIV/HCV uninfected from cohort (pooled RR 2.46, 95% CI 1.03, 3.88) and cross-sectional studies (pooled OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.09, 2.23).ConclusionsThe associations of co-infection with prevalent low BMD and risk of fracture are confirmed in this meta-analysis. Although the mechanisms of HIV/HCV co-infection’s effect on BMD and fracture are not well understood, there is evidence to suggest that adverse outcomes among HIV/HCV co-infected patients are substantial.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…HCV co-infection, compared to HIV mono-infected patients, significantly increases the risk of fractures at many sites [7], [28], [29]. Low BMD is a recognized complication of HIV infection [11], HIV/HCV co-infection [30], or use of ART [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of HIV-Hepatitis C Co-Infection on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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“…In recent years, there has been increased interest in research related to the development of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection in patients of specific racial/ethnic groups, which requires objective methods of assessment [24,25,45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study found that African-American women had a significantly lower mortality rate of liver disease compared to the rates of the other female groups, namely Caucasian and Hispanic. The researchers suggested that the unfavorable course of hepatotropic infections may be due to the ethnic features underlying their progression [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/chronic hepatitis C co-infection in different ethnic groups

Sarsekeyeva

Кошерова

Azizov

2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: In recent years, the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection has increased, which is due to their common routes of transmission. HIV/chronic HCV co-infection aggravates the development of fibrosis and increases the risk of cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of liver elastometry in patients of different ethnic groups with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection. Methodology: The study involved 49 Kazakh and 46 Russian patients with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection. The stage of liver fibrosis was assessed by the results of indirect ultrasonic liver elastometry according to the METAVIR scale using FibroScan 502. As an indirect marker of liver fibrosis, level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as platelet counts, were determined. Results: Analysis of the results with the evaluation of the dynamics of fibrotic process in 36 months revealed a prevalence of patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3, F4) among Kazakh compared with Russian patients, accompanied by a significant increase of liver elasticity indices in Kazakhs and Russians (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the indices of transaminases in the patients with later stages of liver fibrosis (F3, F4) were found (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study of patients with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection revealed differences in the progression of liver fibrosis depending on ethnicity. Results of elastometry and indirect markers of liver fibrosis were used in the comprehensive assessment at different stages of liver fibrosis.

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“…(2,4) In contrast, when compared to European-Americans, African-Americans are less likely to progress to cirrhosis. (5,6) While viral or environmental factors may contribute, these marked divergent clinical outcomes in persons of African compared to European descent suggest a role for host genetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Admixture analysis of spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance in individuals of African descent

et al. 2014

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 3% of the global population with the majority of individuals (75–85%) failing to clear the virus without treatment, leading to chronic liver disease. Individuals of African-descent have lower rates of clearance compared to individuals of European-descent and this is not fully explained by social and environmental factors. This suggests that differences in genetic background may contribute to this difference in clinical outcome following HCV infection. Using 473 individuals and 792,721 SNPs from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we estimated local African ancestry across the genome. Using admixture mapping and logistic regression we identified two regions of interest associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV (15q24, 20p12). A genome-wide significant variant was identified on chromosome 15 at the imputed SNP, rs55817928 (P=6.18×10−8) between the genes SCAPER and RCN. Each additional copy of the African ancestral C allele is associated with 2.4 times the odds of spontaneous clearance. Conditional analysis using this SNP in the logistic regression model explained one-third of the local ancestry association. Additionally, signals of selection in this area suggest positive selection due to some ancestral pathogen or environmental pressure in African, but not in European populations.

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Lower liver-related death in African-American women with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection, compared to Caucasian and Hispanic women

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The Effect of HIV-Hepatitis C Co-Infection on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture: A Meta-Analysis

The Effect of HIV-Hepatitis C Co-Infection on Bone Mineral Density and Fracture: A Meta-Analysis

Comparative assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/chronic hepatitis C co-infection in different ethnic groups

Admixture analysis of spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance in individuals of African descent

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