Lower Limb Sensorimotor Network: Issues of Somatotopy and Overlap

Kapreli, Eleni; Αθανασόπουλος, Σ.; Papathanasiou, Matilda; Hecke, Paul Van; Kelekis, Dimitrios; Peeters, Ronald; Στριμπάκος, Νικόλαος; Sunaert, Stefan

doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70477-5

Cited by 86 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This is possible because the corticospinal tract has several areas of origin other than the primary motor cortex [31,32] , including the premotor cortex, the parietal cortex, and the mediolateral representation of the primary motor cortex. in a similar manner, with regard to somatosensory function, several studies have reported an overlap of somatotopy in the primary somatosensory cortex (Si) and Sii [33][34][35] .…”

Section: Peri-lesional Reorganizationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Recovery mechanisms of somatosensory function in stroke patients: implications of brain imaging studies

Jang

2013

Neurosci. Bull.

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Somatosensory dysfunction is associated with a high incidence of functional impairment and safety in patients with stroke. With developments in brain mapping techniques, many studies have addressed the recovery of various functions in such patients. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of recovery of somatosensory function. Based on the previous human studies, a review of 11 relevant studies on the mechanisms underlying the recovery of somatosensory function in stroke patients was conducted based on the following topics: (1) recovery of an injured somatosensory pathway, (2) peri-lesional reorganization, (3) contribution of the unaffected somatosensory cortex, (4) contribution of the secondary somatosensory cortex, and (5) mechanisms of recovery in patients with thalamic lesions. We believe that further studies in this field using combinations of diffusion tensor imaging, functional neuroimaging, and magnetoencephalography are needed. in addition, the clinical significance, critical period, and facilitatory strategies for each recovery mechanism should be clarified.

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Section: Peri-lesional Reorganizationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Recovery mechanisms of somatosensory function in stroke patients: implications of brain imaging studies

Jang

2013

Neurosci. Bull.

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“…There exists functional overlap between these areas, probably due to the use of similar muscle groups or mechanical output pathways during movement. Since sensory information from the cerebrum is integrated in the cerebellum before output, it is reasonable that multiple regions of the cerebrum would recruit several areas of the cerebellum simultaneously, and process those signals simultaneously as well [12]. …”

Section: General Anatomy and Function Of The Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration and the Cerebellum

Samson

Claassen²

2017

Neurodegener Dis

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Background: The cerebellum modulates diverse neuronal networks, regulating motor, cognitive, behavioral, and limbic circuits. Structural and functional changes to the cerebellum that occur with neurodegenerative conditions have not been systematically reviewed. Objective: We synthesize the current understanding of cerebellar somatotopy and function with previously described cerebellar changes in neurodegenerative diseases not associated with primary cerebellar pathology. Methods: A thorough literature review defines the role of the cerebellum in normal function and neurodegeneration, and we additionally provide exemplar cases of cerebellar dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Results: Comparisons between normal function and neurodegenerative disease states emphasize how normal organization of the cerebellum is altered in neurodegenerative disease states. We illustrate key anatomic structures using novel cerebellar segmentation tools and images. Conclusions: Altered cerebellum in neurodegeneration can provide important diagnostic and pathologic insights into both predicting disease progression and network dysfunction.

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“…The traditional concept of homunculus somatotopy of the peripheral musculature [Penfield and Rasmussen, 1950] has been studied extensively [Barinaga, 1995;Beisteiner et al, 2004;Kapreli et al, 2007]. However, the exact point-to-point representation of homunculus somatotopy has been shown to be much more complex because there are large variations between individuals in the motor-sensory cortex [Branco et al, 2003;Farrell et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group‐level variations in motor representation areas of thenar and anterior tibial muscles: Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Niskanen¹,

Julkunen²,

Säïsänen³

et al. 2010

Human Brain Mapping

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Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to stimulate functional cortical areas at precise anatomical location to induce measurable responses. The stimulation has commonly been focused on anatomically predefined motor areas: TMS of that area elicits a measurable muscle response, the motor evoked potential. In clinical pathologies, however, the well-known homunculus somatotopy theory may not be straightforward, and the representation area of the muscle is not fixed. Traditionally, the anatomical locations of TMS stimulations have not been reported at the group level in standard space. This study describes a methodology for group-level analysis by investigating the normal representation areas of thenar and anterior tibial muscle in the primary motor cortex. The optimal representation area for these muscles was mapped in 59 healthy right-handed subjects using navigated TMS. The coordinates of the optimal stimulation sites were then normalized into standard space to determine the representation areas of these muscles at the group-level in healthy subjects. Furthermore, 95% confidence interval ellipsoids were fitted into the optimal stimulation site clusters to define the variation between subjects in optimal stimulation sites. The variation was found to be highest in the anteroposterior direction along the superior margin of the precentral gyrus. These results provide important normative information for clinical studies assessing changes in the functional cortical areas because of plasticity of the brain. Furthermore, it is proposed that the presented methodology to study TMS locations at the group level on standard space will be a suitable tool for research purposes in population studies.

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Lower Limb Sensorimotor Network: Issues of Somatotopy and Overlap

Cited by 86 publications

References 67 publications

Recovery mechanisms of somatosensory function in stroke patients: implications of brain imaging studies

Recovery mechanisms of somatosensory function in stroke patients: implications of brain imaging studies

Neurodegeneration and the Cerebellum

Group‐level variations in motor representation areas of thenar and anterior tibial muscles: Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

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