Lower Limb Nerve Supply

Medial femoral cutaneous nerve conduction study with distal recording: A novel technique

“…Abbreviations: S stimulation point (C, cathode; A, anode); G ground electrode or E0; A and R are active and reference electrodes, respectively. Anatomical references: , iliac crest; 2, femoral artery; and 3, patella. B, SNAP recorded from the medial femoral cutaneous nerve using the conventional technique (1), new technique with a single stimulus (2), and new technique with 10 square wave pulses (3).…”

“…The medial femoral cutaneous nerve is a sensory branch that arises from the anterior division of the femoral nerve (roots L2, L3, and L4) approximately 4 cm distal to the inguinal ligament and innervates the skin of the anteromedial thigh . Possible causes of involvement of the femoral nerve and its sensory branches include compression during abdominal or pelvic surgery, total hip arthroplasty, urological and gynecological procedures in the lithotomy position, neoplastic compression, inguinal catheterization, and spontaneous hematomas.…”

Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation

“…The pudendal and splanchnic nerves are of particular significance. The pudendal nerve carries sympathetic, motor, and sensory fibers to/from the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen (Rea, 2015). At the level of the ischiorectal fossa the pudendal nerve enters the pudendal canal and gives rise to three somatic nerve branches: the perineal nerve, the inferior rectal nerve, and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis (Rea, 2015).…”

“…The pudendal nerve carries sympathetic, motor, and sensory fibers to/from the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen (Rea, 2015). At the level of the ischiorectal fossa the pudendal nerve enters the pudendal canal and gives rise to three somatic nerve branches: the perineal nerve, the inferior rectal nerve, and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis (Rea, 2015). The perineal branch innervates the levator ani including the puborectalis, while the inferior rectal branch innervates the external anal sphincter (Mahadevan, 2014;Rea, 2015).…”

“…At the level of the ischiorectal fossa the pudendal nerve enters the pudendal canal and gives rise to three somatic nerve branches: the perineal nerve, the inferior rectal nerve, and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis (Rea, 2015). The perineal branch innervates the levator ani including the puborectalis, while the inferior rectal branch innervates the external anal sphincter (Mahadevan, 2014;Rea, 2015). The splanchnic nerves derived from the lumbar and sacral parts of the sympathetic trunks provide sympathetic innervation to the rectum and anal canal.…”