Lower Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and the Ratio of Docosahexaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid in Sera of Patients with Multi-Infarct Dementia

Hirai, Katsuyuki; Kozuki, Mikiko; Miyanaga, Kazuo; Miyagawa, Fumio; Takezoe, Reiko; Hasegawa, Megumi; Mori, Masahiro

doi:10.3164/jcbn.36.83

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Previous literature reported conflicting results for ω-6 PUFAs as well. Our results corroborate studies from Australia and Japan that found a higher concentration of total ω-6 PUFAs and AA in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia than in controls [ 61 – 63 ]. Others found no such differences [ 26 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The relationship between plasma free fatty acids, cognitive function and structural integrity of the brain in middle-aged healthy humans

Herrmann

Simstich

Fauler

et al. 2021

Aging

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Background: The cerebral composition of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is believed to influence cognitive function and structural damage of the aging brain. However, existing data is inconsistent. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study explored the association between free plasma PUFA concentrations, cognitive function and brain structure atrophy in a well-characterized community-dwelling cohort of elderly individuals without stroke and dementia. Ten different fatty acids were analyzed in stored plasma samples from 391 non-demented elderly individuals by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Neuropsychiatric tests capturing memory, executive function and visuopractical skills were performed in all participants. Brain atrophy was assessed by MRI in a subset of 167 individuals. Results: Higher plasma concentrations of free ω-6 PUFAs ( p = 0.042), and, in particular, linoleic acid ( p = 0.01), were significantly associated with lower executive function. No significant association existed between ω-3 PUFA concentrations and cognitive functioning. The volume of the frontal lobes was inversely associated with ω-6 PUFAs, whereas ω-3 PUFAs were positively related with temporal lobe volumes. All associations did not withstand correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Our study suggests subtle effects of PUFA imbalances on cognition and brain structure. Yet the observed associations are weak and unlikely to be of clinical relevance. The brain regions that seem to be most sensitive to imbalances of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs are the frontal and temporal lobes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The relationship between plasma free fatty acids, cognitive function and structural integrity of the brain in middle-aged healthy humans

Herrmann

Simstich

Fauler

et al. 2021

Aging

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show abstract

“…A number of clinical intervention studies indicate that n-3 PUFA have anti-inflammatory properties and therefore, might be useful in the management of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [ 4 , 15 ]. At sufficiently high intakes, long-chain n-3 PUFAs, as found in oily fish and fish oils, decrease the production of inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species and the expression of adhesion molecules [ 16 ]. As we already mentioned above, the n-3 PUFAs particularly decrease production of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, as well as the production of the classic inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor, IL-1, IL-6 and the expression of adhesion molecules involved in inflammatory interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Plasma Phospholipids Fatty Acid Composition in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice- a Pilot Study

Popović

Ranić

Bulajić

et al. 2009

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Nutritional and immunological status of patients with obstructive jaundice is usually severely altered, with high mortality rates. The n-3 polyunsaturate fatty acids (PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), posess potent immunomodulatory activities. Thus, our aim was to compare the plasma phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition of these patients with healthy subjects, as well as before and after 7 days preoperative supplementation with high doses of EPA (0.9 g per day) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3, 0.6 g per day). We found impaired FA status in obstructive jaundice patients, especially EPA, DHA and PUFA, but significantly increased content of total n-3 FA, 22:5 n-3 FA and particularly EPA, which increased more than 3 fold, after 7 days supplementation. In addition, the n6/n3 ratio significantly decreased from 14.24 to 10.24, demonstrating severely improved plasma phospholipid profile in these patients after the intervention.

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“…On the other hand, eicosanoids such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) are produced in the arachidonic acids cascade by n-6 fatty acids, which are a group of polyvalent unsaturated fatty acids. LTB4 and TXA2 are assumed to be the inflammatory substances that cause Crohn's disease [12,13]. LTB4 acts as the inflammatory mediator, which induces the liberation and adhesion of leukocyte, and TXA2 coagulates the platelet, and constricts the blood vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoimmunological Evaluation for the Efficacy of Entero Nutrient Containing n-3 Fatty Acids in TNBS Rat Colitis Model

Yokoyama

Nakajima

Itō

et al. 2006

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Summary Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the digestive tract, with complicated and multifactoral etiology. An exaggerated intestinal immune response to otherwise innocuous stimuli plays a key role in the pathophysiology of this intestinal disorder. Nutritional intervention is an important therapy for patients with IBD. But the ratio of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on the modulation of intestinal inflammation is not clear. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a pleiotrophic cytokine secreted mainly by CD8 + T cells. The properties of IL-16 suggest that it may be involved in pathophysiological process of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim was to determine the effect of an n-3 fatty acid-rich diet (RACOL ® ) on the expressions of cytokines and mucosal integrity in trinitrobenzene surufonic acid (TNBS) induced rat colitis. 7 week-male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. 1. Normal laboratory diet (n = 10), 2. RACOL ® diet only (n = 10), 3. TNBS induced colitis with normal laboratory diet (n = 10), 4. TNBS induced colitis with RACOL ® diet (n = 10). TNBS induced colitis rats were given an intracolonic injection of 50 mg of TNBS dissolved in 50% ethanol. From day 2, rats were fed 80 kcal/day of RACOL ® and/or normal laboratory diet, and sacrified on the 14 th and the 28 th days. One hour before sacrifice, 0.2 mg/g/rat of BrdU was injected. The expressions of BrdU labeled cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-16 were studied by the ABC staining method and DAB staining lesions in colonic mucosa were estimated by an image analyzer system. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method. Macroscopic and histological findings were classified by the Morris and Vilaseca method. TNBS application increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation, but nutrition by RACOL ® reduced this stimulation. Number of apoptosis cells was also increased by TNBS application, but nutrition of RACOL ® reduced the number of apoptosis cells, which had been increased by TNBS treatment. The expressions of cytokines had been increased in TNBS-colitis rats, but were reduced by the RACOL ® . In conclusion, the effect of nutrition by n-3 fatty acid-rich diet, RACOL ® , is an important treatment through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, and colonic hyper-proliferation.

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Lower Levels of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and the Ratio of Docosahexaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid in Sera of Patients with Multi-Infarct Dementia

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

The relationship between plasma free fatty acids, cognitive function and structural integrity of the brain in middle-aged healthy humans

The relationship between plasma free fatty acids, cognitive function and structural integrity of the brain in middle-aged healthy humans

Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Plasma Phospholipids Fatty Acid Composition in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice- a Pilot Study

Histoimmunological Evaluation for the Efficacy of Entero Nutrient Containing n-3 Fatty Acids in TNBS Rat Colitis Model

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