Lower incidence of arm-to-head contact incidents with stricter interpretation of the Laws of the Game in Norwegian male professional football

Bjørneboe, John; Bahr, Roald; Dvořák, Jiří; Andersen, Thor Einar

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091522

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Reducing the number of contact injuries might be achieved by changing the rules of the sport. 29 Athletic trainers should focus on these factors. The effects of these contributing factors might be reduced by conditional and strength straining consisting of appropriate exercises to improve knee, ankle, and core stability.…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

Stubbe

Beijsterveldt

Knaap

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

123

122

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Context: Injuries are a major adverse event in a soccer player's career. Reducing injury incidence requires a thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of soccer injuries.Objective: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in the Dutch premier soccer league.Design: Cohort study. Setting: The Dutch premier soccer league.Patients or Other Participants: During the 2009-2010 soccer season, a total of 217 professional soccer players from 8 teams were prospectively followed.Main Outcome Measure(s): The medical staff recorded time-loss injuries, including information on injuries (ie, type, body part, duration) and exposure data for training sessions and matches.Results: A total of 286 injuries were recorded, affecting 62.7% of the players. The overall injury incidence was 6.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours, 2.8 in training sessions and 32.8 in matches. Most of the recorded injuries were acute (68.5%). Eight percent of the injuries were classified as recurrent. Injuries were most likely to be located in the lower extremities (82.9%). Injury time loss ranged from 1 to 752 days, with a median of 8 days. Knee injuries had the greatest consequences in terms of days of absence from soccer play (on average, 45 days). The most common diagnosis was muscle/tendon injury of the lower extremities (32.9%).Conclusions: Injury risk in the Dutch premier soccer league is high, especially during matches. Preventive measures should focus on the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon injuries of the lower extremities.

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Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

Stubbe

Beijsterveldt

Knaap

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

123

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Using video analysis of tournament games one year before and after the stricter policy enforcement, Bjorneboe et al found a reduction (RR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.97) in the incidence of arm-to-head incidents. 45 While the most common cause of head injuries include head-to-head or arm-to-head contact in professional soccer, this study did not have sufficient power to detect a decrease in head injuries due to the reduction of arm-to-head contact. However, the authors do note that they believe incidents serve as a surrogate measure of injury risk as the incidents represent events with a propensity for injury.…”

Section: Head Contact In Sportmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…However, the authors do note that they believe incidents serve as a surrogate measure of injury risk as the incidents represent events with a propensity for injury. 45,46 Though, the authors did not specifically examine the risk of concussion. Also, issues specific to playing in a professional league may bias the injury reporting in professional players, although there is no reason to believe this would differ in the same league one year apart.…”

Section: Head Contact In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study examining the effectiveness of limiting arm-tohead contact in soccer players found a decrease in arm-to-head incidents, however the authors did not have sufficient power in seeing a reduction in head injury after the policy change was put in place, therefore sound conclusions cannot yet be made. 45 A study performed on NHL players after a head contact policy change found no change in the risk of concussion, however data was extracted from publicly available sources which may not represent the true number of concussion incidence in this population. 48 Additionally, as this study was performed on elite professional players, the generalizability to younger cohorts of varying levels of play is severely limited.…”

Section: Critical Appraisal Of the Current Body Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 Infractions would result in an automatic red card, which would result in an ejection of the player from the game. Using video analysis of tournament games one year before and after the stricter policy enforcement, Bjorneboe et al found a reduction (RR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.97) in the incidence of arm-to-head incidents.…”

Section: Head Contact In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Effect of Policy Change on Physical Contacts in Youth Ice Hockey Using Video Analysis

Krolikowski

2017

Br J Sports Med

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Objective: To determine the association between body checking policy change and the frequency and intensity of physical contacts in Bantam ice hockey players (ages 13-14).Methods: This is a cohort study design. Video-analysis data includes 13 non-elite (lowest 70% by division of play) Bantam (ages 13-14) ice hockey games videotaped in Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2014-15 where body checking was permitted) and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (2014-15 where body checking was not permitted). Primary outcome measures include high intensity physical contact (body checking), as well as hooking and slashing behaviours.Results: Lower incidence rates of high intensity physical contact were observed in Bantam ice hockey players in a league where body checking was not permitted [IRR= 0.09 (95% CI; 0.05-0.15)]. Players in a league where body checking was not permitted had significantly higher incidence rates of hooking and slashing behaviours [IRR= 1.81 (95% CI; 1.33-2.47)].Conclusions: There was a lower incidence of higher intensity physical contacts in Bantam ice hockey players in a league where body checking is not permitted, whereas the incidence of hooking and slashing behaviours were higher. This research will inform the mechanisms explaining injury and will have important national public health implications (reduction of injury) for policy decisions related to rule enforcement in youth ice hockey.ii Acknowledgements

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Concussion Prevention

Weber¹,

Portin²

2020

Concussion Management for Primary Care

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Lower incidence of arm-to-head contact incidents with stricter interpretation of the Laws of the Game in Norwegian male professional football

Abstract: This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Bjørneboe, J. A., Bahr, R., Dvorak, J., Andersen, T. E. (2013

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

Evaluation of the Effect of Policy Change on Physical Contacts in Youth Ice Hockey Using Video Analysis

Concussion Prevention

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