Lower hamstring extensibility in men compared to women is explained by differences in stretch tolerance

Marshall, P.W.; Siegler, Jason

doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-223

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Other studies have also shown no sex diŠerence in joint ROM and PT (Gajdosik et al, 2006;Morse, 2011). However, most previous studies have shown that joint ROM in women is greater than that in men (Cipriani et al, 2012;Davis et al, 2008;Marshall and Siegler, 2014;Miyamoto et al, 2018). In addition, the stiŠness of muscles, tendons and MTUs was greater in men (Blackburn et al, 2004;Kubo et al, 2003;Morse, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Is There a Sex Difference in the Minimum Number of Static Stretch Repetitions That Should Be Recommended to Improve Flexibility?

Mizuno

2019

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the minimum number of static stretch repetitions required to induce an increase in range of motion of the ankle joint and a decrease in passive torque of the muscle-tendon unit is diŠerent between men and women. Twelve men and 15 women participated in this study. Ankle range of motion and passive torque were measured during the passive dorsi‰exion phase of ten 10-s static stretching repetitions. The stiŠness of the muscle-tendon unit and stress relaxation were also determined. There was no sig-niˆcant sex diŠerence in any parameter. Ankle range of motion was signiˆcantly higher after theˆrst stretch, but thereafter further increases were not observed. Passive torque at submaximal ankle angles was signiˆcantly lower after theˆrst stretch, and passive torque at maximal dorsi‰exion angle was signiˆcantly higher after theˆrst stretch, although further increases were not observed. There were no signiˆcant stretching-induced eŠects on stiŠness and stress relaxation. These results indicate that there are no sex diŠerences in the eŠects of ten 10-s repetitions on ‰exibility, but show that this protocol is suŠicient to induce changes in ankle range of motion and passive torque. Therefore, coaches should prescribe the same short-duration static stretching protocol for both sexes of athlete.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Is There a Sex Difference in the Minimum Number of Static Stretch Repetitions That Should Be Recommended to Improve Flexibility?

Mizuno

2019

Int. J. Sport Health Sci.

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“…Although there are some studies reporting that females may have greater levels of flexibility than males, these findings are attributed to females having greater tolerance to stretching than males. Marshall and Singer [68] evaluated hamstrings extensibility effects on stretch tolerance and passive stiffness between males and females. They did not find any differences between the sexes and passive stiffness.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

Lima

Ruas

Behm

et al. 2019

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Passive and active stretching techniques have been shown to increase both chronic and acute range of motion (ROM). Acute ROM improvements can be countered by decreases in muscle performance, primarily after prolonged static stretching (SS) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques when not incorporated into a full warm up procedure. In contrast, ballistic stretching and dynamic stretching techniques typically induce either an increase or no change in muscular force and power. This review explores studies that have investigated stretching responses on ROM, muscle functionality and performance. Collectively, the literature demonstrates that prolonged acute SS and PNF stretching can elicit the greatest changes in flexibility, but without additional dynamic activities (i.e. full warm up) can induce neuromuscular force and power output impairments, while increasing ROM and some sports specific performance. Muscle response to stretching may be determined by the manipulation of confounding variables such as duration, population, volume, test specificity and frequency. An increased dosage of some of these variables during stretching in isolation, augments ROM increases while attenuating muscle force output, except for stretching intensity which may lead to similar responses. Populations with high flexibility may have positive effects from stretching when tested on their sport specific performance, while general population may suffer greater negative effects. Not controlling these variables during stretching protocols may lead to misleading information regarding its effects on muscle performance.

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“…Darüber hinaus scheint die gesamte Dehndauer wichtiger zu sein als der Dehnungsumfang. Johnson, Mitchell, Meek und Feland (2014) (Marshall & Siegler, 2014;Weppler & Magnusson, 2010). Marschall (1999) verglich die Effekte von zwei unterschiedlichen Dehnintensitäten.…”

Section: Gestaltung Eines Dehntrainingsunclassified