Lower extremity venous reflux

Baliyan, Vinit; Tajmir, Shahein; Hedgire, Sandeep; Ganguli, Suvranu; Prabhakar, Anand M.

doi:10.21037/cdt.2016.11.14

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Regarding endovenous ablation, leaving the superficial inferior epigastric vein intact is believed to reduce the incidence of endovenous heat-induced thrombus (EHIT) extension into the femoral vein. The anatomic variation of the SFJ is significant [3]. A major distal tributary of the SFJ is the AASV.…”

Section: Venous Anatomy and Its Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four clinically important perforator groups: upper thigh (Hunterian), lower thigh (Dodd’s), at knee level (Boyd’s), and in the calf region (Cockett’s). Although perforator valve incompetence is always associated with CVI [33], the cause of perforator insufficiency is not known, and the routine treatment of perforating veins in C2 patients is not supported [3].…”

Section: Venous Anatomy and Its Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities

Youn

Lee

2019

Korean J Intern Med

139

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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower extremities manifests itself in various clinical spectrums, ranging from asymptomatic but cosmetic problems to severe symptoms, such as venous ulcer. CVI is a relatively common medical problem but is often overlooked by healthcare providers because of an underappreciation of the magnitude and impact of the problem, as well as incomplete recognition of the various presenting manifestations of primary and secondary venous disorders. The prevalence of CVI in South Korea is expected to increase, given the possible underdiagnoses of CVI, the increase in obesity and an aging population. This article reviews the pathophysiology of CVI of the lower extremities and highlights the role of duplex ultrasound in its diagnosis and radiofrequency ablation, and iliac vein stenting in its management.

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Section: Venous Anatomy and Its Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Venous Anatomy and Its Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities

Youn

Lee

2019

Korean J Intern Med

139

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“…At the 3rd visit US follow-up, 3 limbs still had partial occlusion, 4 limbs showed complete occlusion, and 41 limbs did not recanalize. Partial occlusion; in which the vein becomes smaller in size yet still showing flow within its lumen or nonocclusion of the entire length of the treated vein at the 2nd US follow-up visit, while complete occlusion is when the vein is smaller and noncompressible with wall thickening and with the hypoechoic lumen with no flow inside at the entire length of the treatment at the 2nd US follow-up visit and recanalization is the presence of flow in either an antegrade or retrograde direction in a previously occluded vein (at the 3rd US follow-up visit) [11,12] (Table 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection of foam sclerotherapy in management of lower limb varicose veins (pilot study)

Seyam

Elshimy

Niazi

et al. 2020

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background: Minimally invasive procedures; like ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection of foam sclerotherapy (USGFS) are being the keystone methods in managing lower limb varicose veins and its complications, being advantageable over the surgery as being minimally invasive with better postoperative comfort and immediate cosmetic effect and faster return to full socioeconomic activity. Varicose veins are common problem that affects the quality of life and have a significant cost burden on the health care system. Sclerotherapy (endovenous chemical ablation) destructs the endothelium to induce inflammation and fibrosis and then occlusion of the blood vessel lumen. Results: The study included 33 diseased limbs of females (64.7%) and 18 (35.3 %) limbs of males. Of the diseased limbs, 16 (31.3%) presented with disfigurement, 14 (27.4%) with pain, 11 (19.6%) with heaviness, 6 (11.7%) with edema, and 4 (7.8%) with non-healed venous ulcer. Twenty-six (50.9%) diseased limbs show competent saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) while 25 (49.1%) limbs showed SFJ reflux of variant degrees. All patients underwent direct ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy either as the primary therapy in 29 (56.9%) limbs or as a complementary therapy for residual perforators and varicosities after treatment with other methods of treatment like laser ablation and phlebograph in 22 (43.1%) limbs. Nine (17.6%) limbs treated with 2% polidocanol (Pol.) and 42 (82.3%) limbs with 3% Pol. In the 2nd session Doppler follow-up, 35 (68.6%) limbs showed complete occlusion while 13 (25.5%) limbs showed partial occlusion, while in the 3rd session Doppler follow-up, 3 (5.9%) limbs still show partial occlusion while 45 (88.2%) limbs showed complete occlusion and no recanalization. Forty (78.4%) limbs addressed marked symptomatic relief while 5 (9.8%) limbs moderate relief and 3 (5.9%) cases with mild relief and the other 3 (5.9%) cases missed follow-up. Twenty-five (49%) limbs had no complications while 23 (45%) limbs had different local complications ranging from pain, hyperpigmentation, and superficial thrombophlebitis. Also, we find a statistically significant correlation between the Pol. concentration injected and the symptomatic relief and Doppler US follow-up while there is a borderline correlation between the Pol. concentration injected and the detected complications. Conclusions: The preliminary results revealed ultrasound-guide foam sclerotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for lower limb varicose veins. The concentration of polidocanol injected could be correlated significantly with the symptoms improvement and borderline correlation to the complication rate.

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“…According to previous reports, the normal caliber limit of GSV is 4 mm. 24,25 Venous reflux in the lower extremities is a manifestation of a degenerative process in the venous wall, typical of this chronic disease. 24 Our findings highlight reflux in the distal portion of superficial veins in both legs, and the reflux was still present in the left leg after 3 months of treatment due to its greater compromised starting state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Use of Compressive Stockings Impregnated With Hesperetin-Based Nanocapsules in the Healing of Venous Ulcers: A Case Report

Menezes

Gomes

Carvalho

et al. 2019

Clin Med Insights Case Rep

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Venous ulcers are a more severe complication of chronic venous insufficiency, significantly compromising patient quality of life (QoL). Compressive stockings are still the gold standard treatment method with alternative therapies currently being evaluated. In this perspective, we investigate the influence of compressive stockings impregnated with hesperetin-based nanocapsules in the healing process of venous ulcers. Compressive stockings impregnated with hesperetin-based nanocapsules were applied to a consenting patient for 6 months following all relevant ethical principles for patient studies. The patient was evaluated at baseline (T0), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6), using photographic register (healing) probes to measure skin melanin, erythema and hydration parameters, and venous diameters, followed by questionnaires regarding QoL and pain perception. Healing was observed at the 3-month time point and with 91.6% and 93.1% of retraction area in larger ulcers of the right leg and lateral portion of the left leg, respectively. The deepest ulcer in a medial portion of the left leg healed 47.3%. A reduction of all measured skin parameters was observed, indicating a possible hesperetin effect. The scores of QoL and pain were, respectively, in the ranges of 91.6 to 31.2 and 7 to 0. Reduction in venous diameters also indicates healing function. These preliminary findings suggest that compressive stockings impregnated with hesperetin nanocapsules enhance venous ulcer healing. Further clinical trial controlled by placebo, involving a greater number of patients, is required to confirm the findings of this case report.

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Lower extremity venous reflux

Cited by 33 publications

References 52 publications

Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities

Chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins of the lower extremities

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous injection of foam sclerotherapy in management of lower limb varicose veins (pilot study)

Evaluation of the Use of Compressive Stockings Impregnated With Hesperetin-Based Nanocapsules in the Healing of Venous Ulcers: A Case Report

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