Lower extremity muscle activities during cycling are influenced by load and frequency

Baum, Brian S.; Li, Li

doi:10.1016/s1050-6411(02)00110-4

Cited by 110 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…O início e o nal da ativação muscular foram determinados utilizando-se um limiar de 10% da ativação máxima muscular 19 . Contrações concêntri-cas foram de nidas quando se observou de forma simultânea um encurtamento da unidade músculo-tendão e o início da ativação muscular, sendo o alongamento da unidade músculo-tendão associado à ativação muscular utilizada para a de nição da contração excêntrica 20 .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Implicações da cadência de pedalada sobre a potência mecânica e o período de contração muscular no ciclismo

Jacques

Lanferdini

Bini

et al. 2014

Rev. bras. educ. fís. esporte

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A energia mecânica necessária para a pedalada no ciclismo depende de ações musculares concêntricas e excêntricas. Contudo, até o momento não se tem conhecimento de como variações na cadência de pedalada podem influenciar o tipo de ação muscular utilizada. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos de alterações na cadência nas ações musculares concêntricas e excêntricas durante a pedalada. A absorção e a produção de potência pelas articulações foram calculadas para monitorar possíveis repercussões das mudanças na cadência sobre a cinética articular. Vinte e um ciclistas participaram do estudo (VO2pico: 64,1 ± 5.0 ml/kg/min; volume de treinamento: 368,2 ± 69,5 km/semana). Na primeira sessão de avaliação, a potência máxima (POMAX) e a potência produzida relativa ao segundo limiar ventilatório (POLV2) foram determinadas durante teste incremental até a exaustão. Na segunda sessão, os ciclistas realizaram dois testes de dois minutos de duração a 70 e 90 rpm e carga constante (POLV2). A ativação de seis músculos, a força aplicada no pedal e a cinemática do membro inferior direito foram avaliadas. Um maior tempo de ativação foi observado em fase excêntrica para os músculos vasto medial (8%; p < 0,01) e bíceps femoral (20%; p = 0,04) a 70 rpm em relação a 90 rpm, além de maior tempo de ativação em fase concêntrica para o músculo vasto medial (10%; p = 0,04) a 90 rpm em relação a 70 rpm. Não se observou diferença nas potências articulares entre as cadências testadas. A não alteração da potência articular sugere uma tendência de conservação do padrão do movimento com a alteração da cadência de pedalada. A ativação excêntrica de músculos da articulação do joelho pode estar relacionada com o controle articular, transmissão de força e redução do custo energético.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Implicações da cadência de pedalada sobre a potência mecânica e o período de contração muscular no ciclismo

Jacques

Lanferdini

Bini

et al. 2014

Rev. bras. educ. fís. esporte

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“…When riding at 40% and 60% of maximal power output at 60 and 90 rpm, their older cyclists pedaled at power outputs of approximately 100 W and 150 W (Sacchetti et al, 2010). Since participants in our study were recreational and not competitive cyclists we chose moderately lower power outputs of 75 and 125 W. Absolute rather than relative power outputs were utilized in the current study because several previous studies have suggested that power output is a confounding factor that independently affects metabolic cost and lower extremity muscular excitation during cycling (Baum & Li, 2003;Bigland-Ritchie & Woods, 1974;Chavarren & Calbet, 1999;Gaesser & Brooks, 1975;Samozino et al, 2006). Cadences of 60 and "Effects of Age, Power Output, and Cadence on Energy Cost and Lower Limb Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Cycling" by Buddhadev HH, Martin PE Journal of Aging and Physical Activity © 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc. 90 rpm were selected because these cadences closely approximate most economical and preferred cadences reported for young adults, respectively (Marsh & Martin, 1993, 1995Umberger, Gerritsen, & Martin, 2006).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Age, Power Output, and Cadence on Energy Expenditure and Lower Limb Antagonist Muscle Coactivation During Cycling

Buddhadev¹,

Martin²

2019

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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It is unknown if higher antagonist muscle co-activation is a factor contributing to higher energy cost of cycling in older adults. We determined how age, power output, and cadence affect metabolic cost and lower extremity antagonist muscle co-activation during submaximal cycling. Thirteen young and 12 older male cyclists completed 6-minute trials at four power output-cadence conditions (75W-60rpm, 75W-90rpm, 125W-60rpm, and 125W-90rpm) while electromyography (EMG) and oxygen consumption were measured. Knee and ankle co-activation indices were calculated using vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior EMG data. Net rate of energy cost of cycling was higher in older compared to young cyclists at 125W (p=0.002) and at 90rpm (p=0.026). No age-related differences were observed in the magnitude or duration of co-activation about the knee or ankle (p>0.05). Our results indicated knee and ankle co-activation is not a substantive factor contributing to higher energy cost of cycling in older adults. AbstractIt is unknown if higher antagonist muscle co-activation is a factor contributing to higher energy

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“…The EMG signals were full wave rectified and RMS calculated using a 25 ms rolling window. Burst onset and offset detection was determined using as a reference 20% of the maximal RMS activity of each burst (Baum and Li, 2003;Hug and Dorel, 2009), rather than using a mean threshold value from 15 consecutive bursts (Ozgunen et al, 2010). This approach yielded the same result as direct simple visual discrimination, with 100% detection of all bursts in the four muscles.…”

Section: Electromyographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Activation During Exercise in Severe Acute Hypoxia: Role of Absolute and Relative Intensity

Torres‐Peralta

Losa‐Reyna²,

González-Izal³

et al. 2014

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Torres-Peralta, Rafael, José Losa-Reyna, Miriam González-Izal, Ismael Perez-Suarez, Jaime Calle-Herrero, Mikel Izquierdo, and José A.L. Calbet. Muscle activation during exercise in severe acute hypoxia: Role of absolute and relative intensity. High Alt Med Biol 15:472-482, 2014.-The aim of this study was to determine the influence of severe acute hypoxia on muscle activation during whole body dynamic exercise. Eleven young men performed four incremental cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion breathing normoxic (F I o 2 = 0.21, two tests) or hypoxic gas (F I o 2 = 0.108, two tests). Surface electromyography (EMG) activities of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VL), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded. The two normoxic and the two hypoxic tests were averaged to reduce EMG variability. Peak Vo 2 was 34% lower in hypoxia than in normoxia ( p < 0.05). The EMG root mean square (RMS) increased with exercise intensity in all muscles ( p < 0.05), with greater effect in hypoxia than in normoxia in the RF and VM ( p < 0.05), and a similar trend in VL ( p = 0.10). At the same relative intensity, the RMS was greater in normoxia than in hypoxia in RF, VL, and BF ( p < 0.05), with a similar trend in VM ( p = 0.08). Median frequency increased with exercise intensity ( p < 0.05), and was higher in hypoxia than in normoxia in VL ( p < 0.05). Muscle contraction burst duration increased with exercise intensity in VM and VL ( p < 0.05), without clear effects of F I o 2 . No significant F I o 2 effects on frequency domain indices were observed when compared at the same relative intensity. In conclusion, muscle activation during whole body exercise increases almost linearly with exercise intensity, following a muscle-specific pattern, which is adjusted depending on the F I o 2 and the relative intensity of exercise. Both VL and VM are increasingly involved in power output generation with the increase of intensity and the reduction in F I o 2 .

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Lower extremity muscle activities during cycling are influenced by load and frequency

Cited by 110 publications

References 23 publications

Implicações da cadência de pedalada sobre a potência mecânica e o período de contração muscular no ciclismo

Implicações da cadência de pedalada sobre a potência mecânica e o período de contração muscular no ciclismo

Effects of Age, Power Output, and Cadence on Energy Expenditure and Lower Limb Antagonist Muscle Coactivation During Cycling

Muscle Activation During Exercise in Severe Acute Hypoxia: Role of Absolute and Relative Intensity

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