Lower eicosapentaenoic acid and higher arachidonic acid levels in Sera of young adults in the Netherlands than in Japan

Hirai, Katsuyuki; Horiuchi, Rie; Ohno, Yoshimi; Higuchi, Hisa; Asano, Yasuyo

doi:10.1007/bf02932005

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, the large cardiovascular trials have demonstrated clinical benefits to increasing the dose of n-3 PUFAs in the diet 1–3 . Based on the concentration of PUFAs in human serum 51 , we would hypothesize that the levels used in this study should be looked at as a pharmacological effect of a physiological dose, which correlates with evidence from the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The best concentration for cellular response has been in the 5μg/ml range for both types of FAs for all cell types. Furthermore, this concentration remains within human physiological range, estimated to be on average 16.1 mg/100ml in Japanese male and 21.1 mg/100ml in Dutch males sera for AA, and 3.7 mg/100ml and 1.0 mg/100ml for EPA in Japanese and Dutch sera, respectively 51 . These factors, as well as general limitations when comparing in vitro to in vivo studies restrict the direct applicability to clinical settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Effects of fatty acids on endothelial cells: inflammation and monocyte adhesion

Grenon¹,

Aguado-Zuniga²,

Hatton³

et al. 2012

Journal of Surgical Research

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Background Diet is known to have an important impact on cardiovascular health. n-3 FAs, found in high quantity in fish oil, have demonstrated beneficial effects in patients with coronary artery disease. The role of n-6 FAs remains more controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 FA, and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), an n-3 FA, on the interaction between monocytes and endothelial cells. Design We used a cellular model of endothelial cells (EA.hy.926) and monocytes (human leukemic myelomonocytic U937). Confluent endothelial cells were treated with AA or EPA, in the presence of TNF-α or vehicle-alone for either 4 or 24 hours. Adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer was performed. For gene expression, reverse transcription, followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were performed. Results There was a significant increase in adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer in the presence of n-6 FAs, both in the presence or absence of TNF-α at 4 and 24 hours. The adhesion of monocytes to the endothelial monolayer was decreased with n-3 FAs at 24 hours. ICAM-1, VCAM, E-Selectin, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in endothelial cells treated with n-6 FAs. Conclusions We conclude that AA increases inflammation and enhances the ability of endothelial cells to bind monocytes in vitro. EPA leads to a decrease in the ability of EA.hy.926 to bind monocytes, although the effect appears more modest. Taken together, these data indicate that the n-6 FA AA could potentiate inflammation and early events of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Effects of fatty acids on endothelial cells: inflammation and monocyte adhesion

Grenon¹,

Aguado-Zuniga²,

Hatton³

et al. 2012

Journal of Surgical Research

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Year‐round high arachidonic acid levels in herbivorous rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens tissues

Osako

Saito

Kuwahara

et al. 2006

Lipids

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To identify a stable resource of 20:4 n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA) in marine fish tissues, the lipid profiles of Siganus fuscescens organs (muscle, liver, and other viscera) and stomach contents were examined throughout the year. Crude total lipid (TL) contents in respective organs showed seasonal variations and were high in winter and low in summer. The main FA in TL were 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, AA, and 22:6n-3 (DHA). These FA were those generally observed in marine fish lipids, except for comparatively high levels of AA. In TL of muscle and liver, AA showed relatively high values during the period from late May to August (muscle, 4.6-13.1%; liver, 4.5-9.1%), compared with other seasons (muscle, 4.3-9.5%; liver, 3.6-8.4%). The AA levels in TL of other viscera and stomach contents fluctuated (other viscera, 2.0-10.7%; stomach contents, 7.6-26.7%). Regardless of the fishing season, each organ contained a higher level of AA in polar lipids (PL) than in neutral lipids. It was concluded that the fish contain comparatively high levels of AA in their TL throughout the year, and they accumulate AA characteristically in their tissue PL, probably from dietary food sources. Moreover, it was suggested that S. fuscescens has potential utility as a natural marine source of nutritional lipids, because the fish contain comparatively high levels of DHA and AA.

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