Lower Death Risk for Vascular Dementia than for Alzheimer’s Disease with Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Users

Abstract

Estradiol-based HT use is associated with a reduced risk of death from both VD and AD, but the risk reduction is larger and appears sooner in VD than AD.

Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in Finland: nationwide case-control study

“…We have previously shown that the systemic use of estradiol based hormone therapy was associated with a marked difference in the death risk of dementia; the risk of death for vascular dementia was profoundly decreased (by 37-39%), whereas risk of death for Alzheimer’s disease showed a much smaller decrease or even lacked a decrease. 21 Furthermore, in the extended follow-up of the Women’s Health Initiative study,29 the mortality for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia was reduced in CEE users, although the authors conclude that this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of multiple comparisons. It is possible that the use of hormone therapy is accompanied, directly or indirectly, with a decreased risk of the most severe forms of Alzheimer’s disease, perhaps by improving cardiovascular health.…”

“…This approximation has been used in several previous studies. 19 20 21 However, we also analysed separately women who had started hormone therapy in 1995 (one year after the register opened) or later (that is, fresh starters: 65 102 cases and 65 102 controls), because this group’s detailed history of treatment use was documented in the register. The findings in this subanalysis were fully in line with those in the whole study population, so the data of this subanalysis are not shown.…”

Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease: A call to action

“…In contrast, a recent population-based study of 489,105 Finnish women showed that the risk of death from AD was reduced by 15%−19% in women who used HT for at least 5 years. Risk of death from vascular dementia was reduced from 37% to 39% regardless of the length of exposure or timing [78]. One benefit of the Finnish data is that compared to US data, Finnish data appear to be less influenced by the healthy user bias, the tendency of women who go on using HT to be healthier and better educated than other women.…”

Is Gonadal Therapy a Promoter of Breast Cancer? Incidence of Breast Cancer in a Cohort of Survivors of Oncological Diseases Treated with Gonadal Steroids

“…The median age at diagnosis was 44 years (41-51) and the median age at treatment onset was 46 years (42-59). They underwent treatment during a median period of 10 years (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). All data concerning this cohort is explained in Tables 1 and 2.…”

“…In accordance with their point of view, some of the patients in this study who received brain radiotherapy, and are thus more prone to developing cognition deficiencies, will benefit from HRT. Furthermore, protection against vascular dementia in those receiving HRT was demonstrated by Mikkola et al [19]. Bearing in mind the aforementioned beneficial effects, in 2018, Angioli et al [12] published an article supporting replacement therapy in cancer survivors and Beneventi et al [11] published one regarding BMT.…”