Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency

Miller, Walter B.

doi:10.4324/9781351157803-2

Cited by 79 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…Naturally, the subcultural tradition shares a great deal of overlap with the study of street gangs and gang violence (Cloward and Ohlin 1960;Cohen 1955;Miller 1958). Yet, the life-course framework, with its emphasis on the contours of gang membership, has drawn greater scrutiny to how levels of criminal offending and victimization fluctuate with entry and exit from gangs as scholars have tried to unpack the extent to which high rates of violence were endogenous or exogenous to gang membership.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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Objectives Gang members are more likely to be victimized violently than non-gang youth, but the extent to which this relationship is confounded, direct, or mediated remains unclear. This study responds to recent calls by scholars for more methodologically sound research in this area with the goal of uncovering the pathways between gang membership and violent victimization.Methods Using a school-based longitudinal sample of adolescents, the current study uses Preacher and Hayes multiple mediator structural equation modeling and counterfactual methodology to test whether and which theoretical pathways-self-control, cultural orientations, routine activity, and lifestyle theory-mediate the contemporaneous and prospective effects of gang membership on violent victimization. ResultsThe results indicate that 27 % of the contemporaneous effects of gang membership on victimization is attributable to selection, with the remaining 73 % endogenous to gang membership, supporting Thornberry et al.'s (J Res Crime Delinquency 30:55-87, 1993) enhancement model. Entry into a gang increases risk taking, temper, self-centeredness, negative peer commitment, neutralization of violence, aggressive conflict resolution, unstructured socializing, and delinquency, and decreases empathy and positive peer commitment. The contemporaneous gang membership-victimization link was fully mediated, due almost entirely to delinquency. Prospective models reveal a gang membership-victimization link that is fully confounded by selection, although attrition and desistance from gangs may be responsible for this finding.Conclusions The existing risky attitudes and behaviors of youth who select into gangs matters a great deal for understanding the gang membership-victimization link, but these very risks are exacerbated upon entry into a gang. Our mediation findings suggest that interventions targeting highly delinquent gang members should pay dual dividends of reducing delinquency and victimization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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“…Debates over offenders’ allegiance to a criminal subculture versus conventional culture are commonplace in studies of crime and delinquency. Early subcultural theorists, such as Cohen () and Miller (), argued that subcultures reject the values of conventional society for their own set of values. Violence and honor are often identified as parts of such subcultures (Wolfgang and Ferracuti, ).…”

Section: Conceptualizing the Relationship Between Culture And Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Women's Gender Performances and Cultural Heterogeneity in the Illegal Drug Economy

Grundetjern

2015

Criminology

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Based on interviews with 32 female drug dealers in Norway, this study investigates different gender performances among women situated in the illegal hard drug economy-a context with strong gendered "rules of the game." Using grounded theory methods, I have identified four predominant patterns in which women enact their gendered identities being part of the drug economy: performing emphasized femininity in the context of marginalization; performing street masculinity; employing a feminine business model; and last, flexible use of cultural repertoires. The findings suggest that different gender performances among dealers are rooted in variations in the cultural tool kits they have at their disposal. I find that the content of women's cultural tool kits varied with three sociodemographic factors: 1) age, 2) time of entrée to the drug economy, and 3) educational and employment history. Combined, these influenced the type of gender performances the dealers tended to use as well as their position in the drug market hierarchy. The research suggests that those dealers using cultural repertoires flexibly are the most successful as they skillfully employed the model best suited for the context they were in.

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“…Cohen azzal érvelt, hogy a bűnözők kifejlesztették a saját szubkultúrájukat, amelyben az értékek és a viselkedés ellentétesek a többségi társadalom kultúrájával. Miller érvelése az, hogy a munkásosztály szubkultúrája ellentétes a középosztály által elfogadott szubkultúrával (Cohen, 1955;Miller, 1958). Bár ezen elméleteket akkor dolgozták ki, amikor sokkal kevésbé voltak változatosak a szubkultúrák, érdemes megfigyelni, hogy bizonyos egészségügyi kezdeményezések köré kialakultak a sajátos szubkultúrák.…”

Section: Szubkultúra-elméletunclassified

A kortárssegítés hatékonyságának vizsgálata a reproduktív egészségfejlesztő munkában, és az eredmények alapján kialakított Ariadné Többgenerációs Egészségfejlesztő program ismertetése

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Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Women's Gender Performances and Cultural Heterogeneity in the Illegal Drug Economy

A kortárssegítés hatékonyságának vizsgálata a reproduktív egészségfejlesztő munkában, és az eredmények alapján kialakított Ariadné Többgenerációs Egészségfejlesztő program ismertetése

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