Lower C sequestration and N use efficiency by straw incorporation than manure amendment on paddy soils

Zhou, Ping; Shi, Hao; Li, Yong; Tong, Chengli; Ge, Tida; Wu, Jinshui

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.012

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This should be accounted to a mechanism of hydrophobic protection capable to incorporate the products of microbial degradation into the apolar domains of soil humus, which thermodynamically separate the sequestered molecular material from the soil solution and protect it from further biodegradation (Lorenz et al, ; Piccolo et al, ; Piccolo, Spaccini, Drosos, & Cozzolino, ; Song et al, ). This explanation is in line with a number of field studies showing that soil addition with fresh non‐humified biomass, such as sewage sludge, GM and straw revealed a significant smaller capacity of effective OC sequestration in soil and reduction of GHG emissions than with high quality humified composts (Erhart, Schmid, Hartl, & Hülsbergen, ; Fan et al, ; Powlson et al, ; Scotti et al, ; Yang et al, ; Zhou et al, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Amendments with humified compost effectively sequester organic carbon in agricultural soils

Spaccini¹,

Piccolo²

2020

Land Degrad Dev

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Preventing degradation of soil quality and productivity entails development of sustainable practices to enhance soil organic matter. We followed soil organic carbon (OC) accumulation during 3 years long‐field experiments in two different Italian soils under conventional tillage (TRA), reduced tillage (MIN), green manure (GM) and two rates (low, CMPL, and, high, CMPH) of mature compost amendments. Despite soil textures differences, CMP additions enhanced in both field sites OC accumulation in either bulk soils or water‐stable aggregates (WSA), especially for CMPH, that was more pronounced than for MIN and GM. While the sum of OC in WSA showed an average retention of 80–90% of cumulative carbon added with compost, incorporated OC in WSA of MIN and GM reached only 26 and 55% of total carbon amended with fresh biomass for the light and heavy textured soils, respectively. Hence, MIN and GM accumulated SOC only up to the physical saturation limit dictated by soil texture, whereas CMP retained a larger additional SOC than TRA due to hydrophobic affinity among apolar domains progressively added to soil with humified compost. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of humus extracted after the first and third treatment year confirmed this behaviour. While no changes were observed in spectra for MIN and GM, humic extracts from CMP showed significantly larger content of apolar alkyl and aromatic moieties after the third experimental year. Our results suggest that soil amendment with well humified compost is an effective practice to sequester carbon into agricultural soils, besides improving their organic fertility.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Amendments with humified compost effectively sequester organic carbon in agricultural soils

Spaccini¹,

Piccolo²

2020

Land Degrad Dev

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“…The highest mean SOM content was found with RTsi 60 . This increase in SOM content might be due to the higher percentage of straw incorporated into the soil with the least soil disturbance using the RT method, which improved the quality of soil in terms of chemical properties [38,39]. Another study conducted by Xu et al [40] indicated that significant differences in SOC concentration (0-40 cm) were observed with tillage and straw retention practices in China over the four-year experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Tillage and Straw Incorporation on Soil Organic Carbon Status, Rice Crop Productivity, and Sustainability in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Eastern China

et al. 2018

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Soil management practices are used to enhance soil organic carbon, fertility, and crop productivity around the world. However, accurate information about the appropriate amount of straw incorporation is not available, because it is generally believed that at least 30% of the soil surface should be covered by straw, which is not implemented in all field environments. Therefore, a two-year (2016-2017) field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different percentages of straw incorporation and tillage methods, i.e., reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT), on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and soil carbon storage (SCS) in rice-wheat cropping systems, under eight treatments. The experimental results showed that the greatest reduction in soil dry bulk density (ρ b ) was found under CT with 100% straw coverage (9.79%), whereas the least reduction occurred under CT with no straw (1.31%). The mean TN concentration, soil organic matter (SOM), and soil carbon storage (SCS) were significantly higher by 0.98 g/kg, 17.07%, and 14.20%, respectively, under reduced tillage with 60% straw incorporation (RTsi 60 ) compared with all other treatments. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporated wheat residues resulted in the highest rice production (7.95-8.63 t/ha) under RTsi 60 . We recommend the adoption of reduced tillage with 60% straw incorporation to increase rice yield, improve soil structure, and enhance TN, SOM, and SCS in paddy soil under rice-wheat rotation fields for agricultural sustainability.

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“…Change in SOC density (SOCD, t ha −1 ) was calculated using the following equation (Zhou et al, 2016):…”

Section: Ghg Measurements and Changes Of Soc Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating agronomic practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while increasing the economic return in a rice-based cropping system

Xia

et al. 2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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The effective mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crop cultivation requires an overall consideration, due to the trade-off relationship between GHGs and the mitigation measures sometimes undermining grain yields and economic returns. To explore the maximum potential of GHG mitigation without sacrificing economic returns, we investigated the GHG emissions, crop yields and economic returns over two years in three rice-cropping systems (rice-wheat, RW; rice-fava bean, RB; and rice-fallow, RF). Different N fertilization levels and straw incorporation methods were employed in each of the rice-cropping systems at the study site, in the Taihu Lake region (TLR) of China. Bean straw produced in the RB system was fermented aerobically before incorporation, while straws produced in the RW and RF systems were directly incorporated into the soils. Relative to the traditional RW system, methane emissions during the rice seasons were significantly reduced by 29-44% in the RB system; annual N inputs were reduced by 43%; annual nitrous oxide emissions for N fertilization treatments were decreased by 56-69%; and the average rice yield was increased by 5.2%. As a result, the GHG intensity (GHGI) was significantly reduced by 11-41%, and the annual net economic benefit (NEB) was increased by 22-94%. Compared with the RW system, the GHGI in the RF system was increased by 8-30% and the NEB was decreased by 3-33%. Considering the current rice/wheat production practices employed in the TLR, the GHGI could be reduced by 26% while the NEB could be improved by 23%, with an annual reduction in the N application rate (currently 525 kg N ha −1) by 20% and the conversion of the RW systems into RB systems that use straw fermentation. The results of this study suggest that high economic return and GHG mitigation could be simultaneously 3 achieved by the integrated adoption of reasonable reduction in N application rates, the use of appropriate rice-cropping systems and by employing eco-friendly straw management.

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Lower C sequestration and N use efficiency by straw incorporation than manure amendment on paddy soils

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Amendments with humified compost effectively sequester organic carbon in agricultural soils

Amendments with humified compost effectively sequester organic carbon in agricultural soils

The Effects of Tillage and Straw Incorporation on Soil Organic Carbon Status, Rice Crop Productivity, and Sustainability in the Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Eastern China

Integrating agronomic practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while increasing the economic return in a rice-based cropping system

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