Low-Volume Intense Exercise Elicits Post-exercise Hypotension and Subsequent Hypervolemia, Irrespective of Which Limbs Are Exercised

Abstract

Introduction: Exercise reduces arterial and central venous blood pressures during recovery, which contributes to its valuable anti-hypertensive effects and to facilitating hypervolemia. Repeated sprint exercise potently improves metabolic function, but its cardiovascular effects (esp. hematological) are less well-characterized, as are effects of exercising upper versus lower limbs. The purposes of this study were to identify the acute (<24 h) profiles of arterial blood pressure and blood volume for (i) sprint intervals versus endurance exercise, and (ii) sprint intervals using arms versus legs.Methods: Twelve untrained males completed three cycling exercise trials; 50-min endurance (legs), and 5*30-s intervals using legs or arms, in randomized and counterbalanced sequence, at a standardized time of day with at least 8 days between trials. Arterial pressure, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were measured before, during and across 22 h after exercise, the first 3 h of which were seated rest.Results: The post-exercise hypotensive response was larger after leg intervals than endurance (AUC: 7540 ± 3853 vs. 3897 ± 2757 mm Hg·min, p = 0.049, 95% CI: 20 to 6764), whereas exercising different limbs elicited similar hypotension (arms: 6420 ± 3947 mm Hg·min, p = 0.48, CI: −1261 to 3896). In contrast, arterial pressure at 22 h was reduced after endurance but not after leg intervals (−8 ± 8 vs. 0 ± 7 mm Hg, p = 0.04, CI: 7 ± 7) or reliably after arm intervals (−4 ± 8 mm Hg, p = 0.18 vs. leg intervals). Regardless, plasma volume expansion at 22 h was similar between leg intervals and endurance (both +5 ± 5%; CI: −5 to 5%) and between leg and arm intervals (arms: +5 ± 7%, CI: −8 to 5%).Conclusions: These results emphasize the relative importance of central and/or systemic factors in post-exercise hypotension, and indicate that markedly diverse exercise profiles can induce substantive hypotension and subsequent hypervolemia. At least for endurance exercise, this hypervolemia may not depend on the volume of post-exercise hypotension. Finally, endurance exercise led to reduced blood pressure the following day, but sprint interval exercise did not.

Functional High-Intensity Circuit Training Improves Body Composition, Peak Oxygen Uptake, Strength, and Alters Certain Dimensions of Quality of Life in Overweight Women

“…Here, peak oxygen uptake was improved after 9 weeks with 3 weekly sessions of either Circuit HIIT (10.1%) or Circuit combined (4.4%). The overall greater response of VO 2peak to high-intensity exercise can be explained by better central adaptation, including augmented plasma and blood volumes (Convertino et al, 1980; Green et al, 1987; Graham et al, 2016) with elevated stroke volume (Green et al, 1990; Goodman et al, 2005). …”

Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity

“…; Graham et al . ), contributing to increased stroke volume and decreased heart rate during submaximal exercise (Green et al . ; Goodman et al .…”

Heat and Dehydration Additively Enhance Cardiovascular Outcomes following Orthostatically-Stressful Calisthenics Exercise

“…Assessing the acute cardiovascular outcomes to a conditioning stimulus, which are also important in their own right, may therefore also provide an indication of long-term cardiovascular adaptations (Liu et al, 2012 ). Exercise intensity moderates both PEH (Eicher et al, 2010 ; Halliwill et al, 2013 ; Graham et al, 2016 ) and PVE (Nadel et al, 1979 ; Convertino et al, 1981 ), such that a higher intensity elicits larger PEH and PVE, however finding an appropriate and effective exercise intensity to afford these benefits to all individuals is convoluted. Indeed, low-intensity exercise may be insufficient to confer these benefits (Wallace et al, 1999 ; Forjaz et al, 2004 ; Farinatti et al, 2011 ) despite its accessibility to the population.…”