Low Vision Simulator Goggles in Pharmacy Education

Zagar, Michelle; Baggarly, Scott

doi:10.5688/aj740583

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, there is no validated scoring system to address the difficulty rating. We chose to use the 4-point Likert-type scale as this was the method used in the Zagar and Baggarly 4 study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that low-vision simulator goggles can reliably simulate the symptoms of common ocular conditions. 3,4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The authors determined that the pharmacy students were able to identify medication management difficulties when wearing simulation goggles, which in turn enabled them to devise methods to reduce the risk of medication errors. 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Visual Impairment and Its Impact on Patients: A Simulation-Based Training in Undergraduate Medical Education

Juniat

Bourkiza

Das

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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Introduction: Simulation activities are valuable teaching aids for understanding about living with visual impairment (VI). Our medical students used low-vision simulation spectacles (Sim-specs) to enable learning about VI. Methods: Students made tea and filled dosette boxes using Sim-specs simulating central visual loss (age-related macular degeneration) and navigated using Sim-specs simulating peripheral visual loss (glaucoma). Facilitators recorded errors made for each task. Students completed questionnaires to grade the tasks’ difficulty on a 4-point Likert-type scale. The students also participated in focus groups to discuss how their approach to working with patients may change following this training. Results: In total, 252 out of 254 students participated. Central visual loss provided the greatest challenge when undertaking fine motor skilled activity (dosette box). Highest average number of errors made was for dosette box task (0.70 error), followed by navigation (0.59), then making tea task (0.34). Students scored the most difficult task on average as the dosette box task (3.23 Likert-type points), followed by navigation (2.97), then making tea task (2.63). Our students have shown learning in recognising the challenges of VI and have adapted their approach to patients. Conclusions: Simulation activities are valuable additions to the undergraduate curriculum. Such activities can potentially enable greater empathy for our visually impaired patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that low-vision simulator goggles can reliably simulate the symptoms of common ocular conditions. 3,4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding Visual Impairment and Its Impact on Patients: A Simulation-Based Training in Undergraduate Medical Education

Juniat

Bourkiza

Das

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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“…Apart from investigations of emergency scenarios, there has also been research on simulating eye diseases in recent years, albeit primarily for educational purposes: Zagar et al [35] developed individual sets of (non-VR) goggles to simulate glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa, and used them to rate the presence and severity of disease-specific characteristics. Similarly, Wood et al [32] used modified goggles in a study to investigate the effects of simulated visual impairments on nighttime driving performance and pedestrian recognition under real-road conditions.…”

Section: Previous Work On Simulating Vision Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A VR-based user study on the effects of vision impairments on recognition distances of escape-route signs in buildings

et al. 2018

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In workplaces or publicly accessible buildings, escape routes are signposted according to official norms or international standards that specify distances, angles and areas of interest for the positioning of escape-route signs. In homes for the elderly, in which the residents commonly have degraded mobility and suffer from vision impairments caused by age or eye diseases, the specifications of current norms and standards may be insufficient. Quantifying the effect of symptoms of vision impairments like reduced visual acuity on recognition distances is challenging, as it is cumbersome to find a large number of user study participants who suffer from exactly the same form of vision impairments. Hence, we propose a new methodology for such user studies: By conducting a user study in virtual reality (VR), we are able to use participants with normal or corrected sight and simulate vision impairments graphically. The use of standardized medical eyesight tests in VR allows us to calibrate the visual acuity of all our participants to the same level, taking their respective visual acuity into account. Since we primarily focus on homes for the elderly, we accounted for their often limited mobility by implementing a wheelchair simulation for our VR application.

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“…The low-vision goggles used in the activity have been previously described. 27 The objectives for the learning series were for students to: (1) recognize challenges encountered by older adults with low-vision conditions; (2) compare and contrast medication management difficulties among low-vision conditions; (3) differentiate medication management difficulties of individual low-vision conditions; and (4) propose solutions to prescription drug information access problems for patients with low vision.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Learning About Medication Management Difficulties of Low-Vision Patients

Zagar¹,

Baggarly

2010

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To implement and evaluate a simulation activity and related assignments within a geriatric elective to teach pharmacy students about the medication management difficulties experienced by low-vision patients. Design. Students wore low-vision simulation goggles while engaging in medication management tasks. Students also reflected on their experiences in journals and developed modalities to improve low-vision patients' access to prescription information. Assessment. Results of a perception survey indicated that students were able to identify and differentiate among various low-vision medication management difficulties. Students' reflections suggested that they recognized the challenges encountered by low-vision patients. All patient assistance project submissions were suitable for the targeted populations and medication management difficulties. Peer review and student feedback of the activities were favorable. Conclusion. Through this low-vision goggle simulation exercise and other activities, students were able to identify the medication management difficulties encountered by low-vision patients and propose solutions to their drug information access problems.

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Low Vision Simulator Goggles in Pharmacy Education

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Understanding Visual Impairment and Its Impact on Patients: A Simulation-Based Training in Undergraduate Medical Education

Understanding Visual Impairment and Its Impact on Patients: A Simulation-Based Training in Undergraduate Medical Education

A VR-based user study on the effects of vision impairments on recognition distances of escape-route signs in buildings

Simulation-Based Learning About Medication Management Difficulties of Low-Vision Patients

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