Low variability in a Y-linked plant gene and its implications for Y-chromosome evolution

Filatov, Dmitry A.; Monéger, Françoise; Negrutiu, Ioan; Charlesworth, Deborah

doi:10.1038/35006057

Cited by 169 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The newly isolated genomic region was homologous to the Silene latifolia SlX1 and SlY1 genes (Delichère et al, 1999;Filatov et al, 2000), thus the new S. globosa homolog was named SgXY1. The regions corresponding to the exons in Silene genes were conserved in the S. globosa homolog, while the introns between Schiedea and Silene genes were almost unalignable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA diversity in Hawaiian endemic plant Schiedea globosa

Filatov

Burke

2004

Heredity

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This is the first report of a study devoted to the population genetics of speciation in the endemic Hawaiian plant genus Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae). Here, we report the estimates of DNA sequence diversity and divergence in a newly isolated nuclear gene from Maui and Oahu Schiedea globosa populations. Overall, the species-wide average heterozygosity per silent site is p ¼ 0.3%. The silent DNA diversity on the older island of Oahu (p ¼ 0.24%) is almost twice as high as on the younger Maui (p ¼ 0.14%). Consistent with this, the haplotype phylogeny suggests a more recent origin of the Maui populations. There is no significant isolation between the two Maui populations (F st ¼ 0.027), while isolation between the two islands is high (F st ¼ 0.57, Po0.0001).Pairwise mismatch distributions suggest population growth approximately 660 and 310 thousand generations ago for the Oahu and the Maui populations, respectively, which may be the minimal age for these populations. This is consistent with a fairly neutral frequency spectrum (Tajima's D is 0.34 and À0.94 for the Oahu and the Maui populations, respectively), suggesting that both populations are sufficiently old to have recovered from any initial founder effects. Relatively high nuclear DNA diversity in the S. globosa populations illustrates the usefulness of a DNA sequence-based approach to the population genetics of island plant populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA diversity in Hawaiian endemic plant Schiedea globosa

Filatov

Burke

2004

Heredity

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“…S. latifolia Y genes show signs of degeneration, Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution G Bernasconi et al including fast protein evolution, mutations damaging sites known to be important for protein activity (Filatov, 2005c), low expression level and insertions of transposable elements in introns (Marais et al, 2008) and severely reduced polymorphism, an indirect effect of the processes that cause degeneration (Filatov et al, 2000). Cytogenetic analysis of S. latifolia chromosomes shows accumulation of repeat sequences on the Y chromosome (Kubat et al, 2007).…”

Section: Sex Chromosome Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution

et al. 2009

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The genus Silene, studied by Darwin, Mendel and other early scientists, is re-emerging as a system for studying interrelated questions in ecology, evolution and developmental biology. These questions include sex chromosome evolution, epigenetic control of sex expression, genomic conflict and speciation. Its well-studied interactions with the pathogen Microbotryum has made Silene a model for the evolution and dynamics of disease in natural systems, and its interactions with herbivores have increased our understanding of multi-trophic ecological processes and the evolution of invasiveness. Molecular tools are now providing new approaches to many of these classical yet unresolved problems, and new progress is being made through combining phylogenetic, genomic and molecular evolutionary studies with ecological and phenotypic data. The model role of a non-model organismThe genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae), with a tradition of genetical and ecological studies dating back to Mendel and Darwin, has remarkably many interesting features. First, the species in the genus vary widely in their breeding systems and ecology. Second, several members of this mainly holarctic genus can be easily bred, and have short life cycles, and are thus convenient for experimental and field studies. Genomic resources are now becoming increasingly available in Silene, making genetic, quantitative genetic and molecular studies possible. A strength of Silene as a model system, compared with many classical model organisms, is that researchers can rely on a large number of ecological studies encompassing biotic interactions with sexually transmitted fungi, pollinators and herbivores. It is the wealth of ecological and other earlier knowledge that makes the genus Silene important for studying many biological questions, including the suppression of recombination during sex chromosome evolution, sexually antagonistic selection in an organism that is not an animal, epigenetic processes in flower development, speciation and reproductive isolation, multi-trophic interactions, disease ecology and biological invasions.Thanks to the classical genetic and ecological work on Silene, new progress can now be made in studying some of these important unresolved questions in biology with the aid of modern molecular tools. That new model systems with accessible and well-studied ecology open fruitful avenues for investigation is illustrated also by Mimulus (Wu et al., 2008) and the ongoing efforts to develop genomic resources in an increasing number of different systems. In the following, we outline the unique features of the Silene system, and describe active research areas and future directions, highlighting new advances and work in progress. Evolution of sexual systemsPlants show remarkable diversity in their sexual and mating systems, ranging from hermaphroditism to dioecy, from self-incompatible hermaphroditism to hermaphroditism in which individuals possess a capacity to self-fertilize, but which often show complex mechanisms to promote outcrossing (Darwin, 18...

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“…Indeed, multiple studies have reported reduced genetic diversity on Y chromosomes, compared with the X-linked or autosomal genes, in animal and plant species (Filatov et al, 2000;Yi and Charlesworth, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA polymorphism in recombining and non-recombing mating-type-specific loci of the smut fungus Microbotryum

Votintseva

Filatov

2010

Heredity

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The population-genetic processes leading to the genetic degeneration of non-recombining regions have mainly been studied in animal and plant sex chromosomes. Here, we report population genetic analysis of the processes in the non-recombining mating-type-specific regions of the smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum. M. violaceum has A1 and A2 mating types, determined by mating-type-specific 'sex chromosomes' that contain 1-2 Mb long non-recombining regions. If genetic degeneration were occurring, then one would expect reduced DNA polymorphism in the non-recombining regions of this fungus. The analysis of DNA diversity among 19 M. violaceum strains, collected across Europe from Silene latifolia flowers, revealed that (i) DNA polymorphism is relatively low in all 20 studied loci (pB0.15%), (ii) it is not significantly different between the two mating-type-specific chromosomes nor between the non-recombining and recombining regions, (iii) there is substantial population structure in M. violaceum populations, which resembles that of its host species, S. latifolia, and (iv) there is significant linkage disequilibrium, suggesting that widespread selfing in this species results in a reduction of the effective recombination rate across the genome. We hypothesise that selfing-related reduction of recombination across the M. violaceum genome negates the difference in the level of DNA polymorphism between the recombining and non-recombining regions, and may possibly lead to similar levels of genetic degeneration in the mating-type-specific regions of the non-recombining 'sex chromosomes' and elsewhere in the genome.

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Low variability in a Y-linked plant gene and its implications for Y-chromosome evolution

Cited by 169 publications

References 25 publications

DNA diversity in Hawaiian endemic plant Schiedea globosa

DNA diversity in Hawaiian endemic plant Schiedea globosa

Silene as a model system in ecology and evolution

DNA polymorphism in recombining and non-recombing mating-type-specific loci of the smut fungus Microbotryum

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