Low toxicity and long circulation time of Polyampholyte-coated magnetic nanoparticles for blood pool contrast agents

Abstract

Polyampholyte-coated (poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-co-3-(diethylamino)-propylamine (DEAPA)) magnetite nanoparticles (PAMNPs) have been prepared as contrasting agent used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Excellent biocompatibility is required for contrasting agents used in high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography. To evaluate the biocompatibility of PAMNPs, some experiments have been conducted. The hemolysis, plasma recalcification, dynamic blood clotting, prothrombin time, inflammatory cytokine release and complement system activation assays were carried out to investigate the hemocompatibility. To evaluate the toxicity to vessel, MTT test and vascular irritation tests were conducted. Tissue toxicity test was also performed to investigate the biocompability in vivo. We also looked into the biodistribution. The results showed that PAMNPs at the working concentration (0.138 mM) present similar hemocompatibility with negative control, thus have no significant effect to vessels. PAMNPs were mainly distributed in the liver and the blood. The circulation time in blood was considerably long, with the half-time of 3.77 h in plasma. This property is advantageous for PAMNPs' use in angiography. PAMNPs could be metabolized rapidly in mice and were not observed to cause any toxic or adverse effect. In short, these results suggest that the PAMNPs have great potential to serve as safe contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Tracking short-term biodistribution and long-term clearance of SPIO tracers in magnetic particle imaging

“…On the other hand, the LS-008 particles persisted in the blood for several hours after the injection and then cleared into the spleen. This is especially exciting for MPI in applications such as angiography (Wang et al 2015), cancer imaging (Bae, Mrsny, and Park 2013) or theraputic applications (Janib, Moses, and MacKay 2010) where long circulation time is beneficial.…”

Magnetic hyperthermia therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma: a review of the therapy’s history, efficacy and application in humans

“…Few human studies have reported significant adverse effects of MNPs [88,94]. In a review of 37 phase I to III ferumoxtran-10 clinical studies (1777 total participants), the most common mild side effects after intravenous MNP administration were back pain, pruritus, headache and urticaria [95].…”

Biomimetic Gold Nanoshell-Loaded Macrophage for Photothermal Biomedicine

“…Moreover, the biocompatibility of the ANS-MA system is an important factor in evaluating the therapeutic potential of the new drug-delivery system. Because biocompatibility is a critical property for blood-contacting materials, it must be examined prior to clinical use [40]. In recent decades, a majority of nanotoxicity research has focused on cell-based examination.…”

“…The hemolytic reaction can be caused by immune hemolysis and/or nonimmune hemolysis. According to the guide for the evaluation of biocompatible materials, the hemolysis rate should be less than 5% [40]. In the serum biochemistry, the six important factors that indicate hepatic function include albumin, globulin, glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), and total protein.…”