Low total gamma globulin level discovery at diffuse large B cell lymphoma diagnosis predicts high risk of infection-related death: data from a monocentric retrospective study

Abstract

Objective: Diffuse-large-B-cell-lymphoma (DLBCL) can complicate B-cell-primary-immunodeficiencies (PIDs) course or induce total gamma-globulin level (TGL) lowering, whose clinical status as an effective secondary immunodeficiency (SID) remains unspecified. This study aims to assess the frequency, clinical and prognostic relevance of the lowest TGLs discovered at DLBCL diagnosis. Results: In a two year monocentric retrospective cohort, 96 patients diagnosed with DLBCL who had a serum electrophoresis (SEP) were included. Patients were divided into the lowest (L)- and the highest (H)-TGLs (TGL ≤5.5 g/L and TGL >5.5 g/L) subgroups and compared for outcomes, including fatal infectious events. In our cohort, 12 (12.5%; 8 males; median age: 68 [55—82] years) exhibited L-TGL. There was no differences regarding demographics, Ann-Arbor-lymphoma-stages, inflammatory parameters or chemotherapy regimen between both groups. However, overall (10/12, 83.3% versus 22/96, 26.2%; p=0.03) and infection-related death rates (10/12, 83% versus 6/96, 6.2%; p<0.001) were significantly higher in the L-TGL group. Conclusion: We demonstrate for the first time the strong negative impact of L-TGL on overall and infection-related mortality in DLBCL. Prospective studies should distinguish DLBCL-related SIDs from preexisting humoral PIDs, using biomolecular testing and post-treatment TGLs monitoring to determine the best management strategy for infectious risk during DLBCL treatment in L-TGL context.

Association of globulin concentrations with prognosis in horses with lymphoma

“…Hypogammaglobulinemia at time of diagnosis in cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in human patients has been shown to predict for shorter time to first treatment intervals, independent of other risk factors ( 21 ). Additionally, humans with concurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and low total gamma globulin levels had higher overall death rates and infection-related deaths as compared to those with higher total globulin concentrations ( 22 ). It is to be noted that total globulin concentrations were evaluated in this study rather than specific immunoglobulin concentrations.…”

“…Hypogammaglobulinemia has been identified in a multitude of lymphoid malignancies in human patients ( 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 ). It has been most profound in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, with up to 85% of patients being hypoglobulinemic, and in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with a prevalence of 22% in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients ( 25 , 26 ).…”