Low-Threshold RNGH Instabilities in Quantum Cascade Lasers

Vuković, Nikola; Radovanović, J.; Milanović, V.; Boïko, D. L.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2017.2699139

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…A similar behavior is also pertinent for Dicke superradiance (Dicke 1954). Further details can be found in our recent detailed study (Vukovic et al 2016). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Following along the lines of the density matrix approach from (Pantell and Puthoff 1969) and accounting for the diffusion in an ensemble of two-level systems, one obtains the following form of Maxwell-Bloch equations (MBE) (Vukovic et al 2016):…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However for the Lyapunov stability analysis we obtain a simplified truncated set of coupled mode equations (Lugiato et al 1985). More specifically, in application to the case of FP-cavity QCL, we consider in (1)-(3) the forward and backward travelling waves that are coupled via lowest-order gratings of the carrier coherences and carrier population (Vukovic et al 2016):…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameter m 0 ¼ D 0 =D th measures the ratio of the fundamental harmonic of the average carrier density ND 0 to its value at the lasing threshold ND th (at p = 1). It indicates an increase of the effective lasing threshold due to the SHB effect (Vukovic et al 2016).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimode RNGH instabilities of Fabry-Pérot cavity QCLs: impact of diffusion

et al. 2016

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We analyze multimode instabilities in Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity MIR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) caused by excitation of Rabi oscillations. Our analysis differs from previous treatments of this problem by inclusion of the grating of medium polarization (coherence grating) and its relaxation due to carrier diffusion. We show that low-threshold multimode Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instabilities are possible in QCLs without a built-in saturable absorber, that is, in the configuration in which they have been experimentally observed. We also show that multimode RNGH instabilities are practically impossible in conventional VIS-NIR semiconductor quantum well laser diodes with a monolithic FP cavity. These explanations are supported by Lyapunov stability analysis and numerical simulations based on a travelling wave rate equation model.

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“…A similar behavior is also pertinent for Dicke superradiance (Dicke 1954). Further details can be found in our recent detailed study (Vukovic et al 2016). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimode RNGH instabilities of Fabry-Pérot cavity QCLs: impact of diffusion

et al. 2016

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“…Therefore strong spectral broadening and multimode emission in QCLs occurs due to another mechanism, such as parametric RNGH gain instability. However the cause of multimode RNGH instability in QCLs so far remains unclear and was a highly debated subject [1,2,5,6,7]. As a consequence, little was certain about practical approaches to tailor the multimode behavior of QCL devices for specific application needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken instability in quantum cascade lasers

Antonov

Kuritsyn

Gajic

et al. 2017

2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

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We report on experimental observation of low-threshold Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken (RNGH) instability in mid-infrared InGaAs/InAlAs Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) operating at 8 µm wavelength. The devices employ sequential resonant tunneling and can provide optical gain on the diagonal or vertical transition. Depending on the tunneling resonance detuning, the lasers can operate either on a stable part of I-V curve or with unstable electric field domain formation. We report how all these features impact the occurrence of the RNGH instability with broadband multimode emission, and show how they can be tailored with an applied bias or via optical excitation of free carriers. We present the results of 2 nd order interferometric autocorrelation measurements and time-resolved spectral measurements in free-running QCLs and QCLs subjected to optical pumping. We explain the diversity of dynamic regimes in QCLs using a simple analytical expression for the second threshold.

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Optoelectronic Device Simulations Based on Macroscopic Maxwell–Bloch Equations

Jirauschek

Riesch

Tzenov

2019

Advcd Theory and Sims

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Due to their intuitiveness, flexibility, and relative numerical efficiency, the macroscopic Maxwell-Bloch (MB) equations are a widely used semiclassical and semi-phenomenological model to describe optical propagation and coherent light-matter interaction in media consisting of discrete-level quantum systems. This review focuses on the application of this model to advanced optoelectronic devices, such as quantum cascade and quantum dot lasers. The Bloch equations are here treated as a density matrix model for driven quantum systems with two or multiple discrete energy levels, where dissipation is included by Lindblad terms. Furthermore, the 1D MB equations for semiconductor waveguide structures and optical fibers are rigorously derived. Special analytical solutions and suitable numerical methods are presented. Due to the importance of the MB equations in computational electrodynamics, an emphasis is placed on the comparison of different numerical schemes, both with and without the rotating wave approximation. The implementation of additional effects which can become relevant in semiconductor structures, such as spatial hole burning, inhomogeneous broadening, and local-field corrections, is discussed. Finally, links to microscopic models and suitable extensions of the Lindblad formalism are briefly addressed. of a lower bandgap material than the adjacent layers, which restricts the free electron motion in that layer to the in-plane directions and gives rise to quantized energy states in growth direction. As a consequence of the further restriction of the energy spectrum and the even stronger carrier localization, additional improvement can be expected from 2D or 3D confinement, resulting in quantum wire/dash and quantum dot (QD) structures, respectively. Indeed, QD [1][2][3] and quantum dash [4] lasers and laser amplifiers have been shown to exhibit excellent characteristics. In Figure 1, the formation of quantized states in quantum wells, wires, and dots is schematically illustrated. The term quantum dash refers to an elongated nanostructure, that is, some kind of short quantum wire. By contrast, the term nanowire does not necessarily indicate strong quantum confinement. For example, in nanowire lasers, the nanowire geometry typically serves as a single-mode optical waveguide resonator, while the active region is based on a heterostructure or quantum well, as in a conventional laser diode. [5,6] Semiconductor optoelectronic devices usually rely on electron-hole recombination, that is, optical transitions between conduction and valence band states. The associated resonance wavelength is largely determined by the semiconductor bandgap, which establishes a lower bound on the transition energy. Thus, the coverage of a certain spectral region depends on the existence of suitable semiconductor materials, which for example restricts the availability of practical optoelectronic sources and detectors in the mid-infrared and terahertz regions. An alternative concept is based on intersubband devices, which employ so-called i...

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Low-Threshold RNGH Instabilities in Quantum Cascade Lasers

Cited by 29 publications

References 45 publications

Multimode RNGH instabilities of Fabry-Pérot cavity QCLs: impact of diffusion

Multimode RNGH instabilities of Fabry-Pérot cavity QCLs: impact of diffusion

Tailoring Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken instability in quantum cascade lasers

Optoelectronic Device Simulations Based on Macroscopic Maxwell–Bloch Equations

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