“…The hypothalamus is essential for maintaining homeostatic processes, such as fluid-balance, body temperature, energy regulation, metabolism, physical activity, diurnal activity, reproduction, parturition, and lactation (Berthoud, 2002;Hill et al, 2008;Li et al, 1998;Nesan and Kurrasch, 2016;van Dijk et al, 2011). Less appreciated but equally important, the hypothalamus also influences emotional outputs, such as aggression and defensiveness, as well as other social behaviors (Bandler et al, 2000;Benderlioglu and Dow, 2017;Hohmann et al, 2013). The release of trophic hormones, which serve to connect the nervous system to the peripheral endocrine system, enables the hypothalamus to regulate homeostasis, and this is especially true for stress (F€ uzesi et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2019).…”