Low temperature synthesis of titanium diboride nanosheets by molten salt–assisted borothermal reduction of TiO2

Wu, Kehan; Wang, Yu; Yu-jiang,; Zhang, Guohua; Jiao, Shuqiang; Chou, Kuo‐Chih

doi:10.1007/s11051-019-4560-z

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The raw materials used in this study were CaB 6 (C content = 0.9 wt-%, self-manufactured by the method proposed in our previous paper [34]), micro-ZrO 2 (purity > 99%, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (SCR), Shanghai, China), nano-ZrO 2 (purity > 99%, SCR), Ca metal (purity > 99.5%, 1–5 mm, Beijing Universal Jin Xin International Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), NaCl (purity > 99.5%, SCR), KCl (purity > 99.5%, SCR), MgCl 2 (purity > 99%, Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (MACLIN), Shanghai, China), and CaCl 2 (purity > 96%, MACLIN).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of zirconium diboride by reduction of zirconia with calcium hexaboride

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advances in Applied Ceramics

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Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ) is a typical ultra-high temperature ceramic material (UHTC). In this work, the preparation of ZrB 2 by reducing zirconia (ZrO 2 ) with calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) was studied in detail. With the assistance of molten salt, the reduction rate was dramatically enhanced. Additionally, the results showed that ZrB 2 products with different particle shapes were prepared by changing the type of molten salt (NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 , and CaCl 2 ). However, the particle size of products could not be properly refined when nano-ZrO 2 was used as the raw material. During the process of reducing ZrO 2 by CaB 6 , B 2 O 3 could be formed, which would cause the loss of B source. To decrease the consumption of CaB 6 , Ca-assisted reduction was performed, and monophase ZrB 2 was obtained. The varied morphologies of ZrB 2 particles obtained by Ca-assisted reduction were the result of complex reaction mechanisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of zirconium diboride by reduction of zirconia with calcium hexaboride

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advances in Applied Ceramics

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“…Instead, chloride salts, including LiCl, NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 and their combined salts were often used. Table 4 91,[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113] summarises the studies to date on MSM-BRS of transition metal borides (mainly diborides), showing that the synthesis temperature was in the range of 800-1100 °C, which overall was slightly higher than that required by MSM-ERS discussed above, but still significantly lower than that required by the conventional solid-state BRS process without being mediated by a molten salt.…”

Section: Conventional and Molten Salt Mediated Borothermal Reduction ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature controllable synthesis of transition metal and rare earth borides mediated by molten salt

Liu,

Jia,

Zhang

et al. 2024

International Materials Reviews

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Transition meal and rare earth borides have been subjected to extensive investigations because of their unique structures, superior properties and diverse applications. Conventional methods for their syntheses suffer from various drawbacks. So several alternative approaches have been explored. Among them, the so-called ‘molten salt synthesis (MSS)’ technique has proved promising. Over the past 10–15 years, it has been used to prepare a range of transition metal and rare earth borides. In this paper, the main results from these studies are reviewed. Initially, the relevant background on metal borides and their conventional synthesis methods are introduced, followed by the main principles/mechanisms of MSS. The following three sections provide an overview of the main work on MSS of binary and ternary borides, boride solid solutions, and boride-based composite powders. Then, two newly modified MSS approaches are presented. Finally, the main issues covered in this paper are summarised, and future prospects considered.

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“…TiB 2 nanosheets have not only been realized by top-down processes, but a recent report suggests that these nanosheets can also be synthesized in a bottom-up manner by borothermal reduction of TiO 2 . 53 It thus would be safe to claim that TiB 2 is an exciting and unique member of the layered metal boride family, and with researchers taking a renewed interest in accessing 2D boron, more and more studies would delve deeper in effectively nanoscaling this metal boride. For example, Yousaf et al have recently obtained near-pristine TiB 2 nanosheets through liquid-phase exfoliation.…”

Section: Cosolvent Exfoliation Of Tibmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Two-Dimensional Nanostructures from AlB₂-Type Metal Borides: Physicochemical Insights and Emerging Trends

et al. 2022

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Transition-metal diborides are a class of abundantly available ceramic materials that exhibit a landscape of rich properties such as extraordinary high strength, exceptional hardness, and high-melting points. To date, these materials have been investigated primarily for their bulk scale properties. Many of these transition-metal diborides adopt an AlB2-type structure. In this type of structure, the metal atoms are sandwiched between alternating layers of boron atoms. Examples of these types of borides include, magnesium diboride (MgB2), titanium diboride (TiB2), chromium diboride (CrB2), etc. The AlB2-type structure is appealing for a plethora of reasons, primary among them is the inherent presence of boron atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern reminiscent of the graphenic arrangement. This provides an opportunity to access two-dimensional (2D) boron. Recent research trends indicate a rising interest in nanoscaling these borides to yield 2D nanostructures. Research groups across the globe are currently pursuing this very objective, and multiple reports have already emerged showing that it is possible to nanoscale these bulk AlB2-type borides into nanosheets. One of the routes that researchers have adopted to this end is the well-recognized, top-down exfoliation. This involves methods such as liquid-phase exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemically induced selective extraction. This review will chronicle the research evolution of top-down exfoliation of metal borides from a physicochemical context and present the reader with a summary of these methods and the associated findings. We will also briefly discuss the various areas where these nanoscaled metal borides have just started finding applications toward sustainable technologies and present our perspective on where the field is headed. We hope that this review will be a timely addition to the fast-evolving literature on nanoscaling metal borides.

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Low temperature synthesis of titanium diboride nanosheets by molten salt–assisted borothermal reduction of TiO2

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Preparation of zirconium diboride by reduction of zirconia with calcium hexaboride

Preparation of zirconium diboride by reduction of zirconia with calcium hexaboride

Low temperature controllable synthesis of transition metal and rare earth borides mediated by molten salt

Quasi-Two-Dimensional Nanostructures from AlB₂-Type Metal Borides: Physicochemical Insights and Emerging Trends

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Low temperature synthesis of titanium diboride nanosheets by molten salt–assisted borothermal reduction of TiO2

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Preparation of zirconium diboride by reduction of zirconia with calcium hexaboride

Preparation of zirconium diboride by reduction of zirconia with calcium hexaboride

Low temperature controllable synthesis of transition metal and rare earth borides mediated by molten salt

Quasi-Two-Dimensional Nanostructures from AlB2-Type Metal Borides: Physicochemical Insights and Emerging Trends

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Quasi-Two-Dimensional Nanostructures from AlB₂-Type Metal Borides: Physicochemical Insights and Emerging Trends