Low-temperature synthesis of Mg4Nb2O9 nanopowders by high-energy ball-milling method

Fabrication of nanopowders by high energy ball milling and low temperature sintering of Mg2SiO4 microwave dielectrics

“…5(i), particle size decreases with increasing milling time. Compared with the conventional ball milling method, HEBM leads to a reduced average particle size and a narrowed size distribution [9,22]. Similar result was ever reported for various ferroelectric compounds and alloys [8].…”

Synthesis, characterization, and microwave dielectric properties of Mg4Nb2O9 ceramics produced through the aqueous sol–gel process

“…A minor phase of Mg 5 Nb 4 O 15 with orthorhombic symmetry was developed accompanying Mg 4 Nb 2 O 9 as separated phases just at 30.16 • and 31.30 • .As the temperature increasing to 850 • C, the intensity of the Mg 4 Nb 2 O 9 peaks was gradually enhanced and the Mg 5 Nb 4 O 15 phase had been found to nearly disappear. Using the sol-gel method, we found that the calcination temperature was remarkably decreased to 550 • C, in comparison to these of the conventional mixed oxide route reported earlier [2][3][4]7,8] and other chemical methods [9][10][11][12][13] as shown in Table 1.…”

“…Compared with the results by the solid-state reaction method, Khalam et al [6] reported a lower Qf result of 116,000 GHz, Fu et al [8] reported a similar Qf value of 175,000 by the high-energy ball-milling method, while Kan et al [5] reported a relatively higher Qf value of 193,000. As for the Qf values of the dielectric ceramics, it is known that porosity, secondary phase, structure defect and grain boundary of the ceramics produce a deterioration in the Qf values [28].…”

“…As we known, adding glass flux usually causes the detrimental effect on the microwave properties of ceramics. So much attention has been paid to chemical processing and other special milling method [7,8] using starting materials with smaller particle sizes.…”

Microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of (1−x)(0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3)–xBiFeO3 lead-free ceramics synthesized via a high energy ball milling method

“…By solid state reaction combined with HEBM technique, ceramics with fine grain size can be obtained [30,31]. In this paper, 0.94Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.06BaTiO 3 (abbreviated as BNBT) was selected as a representative composition, and BFO was chosen as a third component.…”