Low-Temperature pseudocapacitive energy storage in Ti3C2T  MXene

Xu, Jiang; Hu, Xinghao; Wang, Xuehang; Wang, Xi; Ju, Yifan; Ge, Shanhai; Lu, Xiaolong; Ding, Jianning; Yuan, Ningyi; Gogotsi, Yury

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.08.029

Cited by 80 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that the capacity at low temperature mainly comes from the capacitive capacity because the ion transport in electrolyte is highly restrained at low temperature. [48,49] From Figure 4f it can be seen that the SMX-100 electrode exhibits the highest capacity than the other two electrodes. The capacity gap between SMX-100 and SMX-50 film electrodes is closing with decreasing the working temperature, mostly because of the decreased ion-diffusion rate in the electrode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity gap between SMX-100 and SMX-50 film electrodes is closing with decreasing the working temperature, mostly because of the decreased ion-diffusion rate in the electrode. [48,49] Besides, the specific capacities of SMX-100 film electrodes with different thicknesses are conducted (Figure S17, Supporting Information). The capacity decreases with the increased thickness, which achieves 88 mAh g −1 for the 19 µm thick electrode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti₃C₂T_x Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Lian

Song

et al. 2021

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have been devoted to developing anode materials with desirable electronic and ionic transport properties for ESS. A popular strategy is to prepare nanosized materials to afford more accessible active sites and shorter diffusion path for both Na + and electrons, thereby effectively enhancing the electrochemical performances such as specific capacity and rate capability of anode materials. [1] Notably, the nanosized electrode materials generally have low compact densities, thereby critically limiting the volumetric capacity of the electrode. With the dramatic development of the electronic technology, volumetric capacity has become the most relevant merit for applications where size matters, such as large-scale stationary energy storage and wearable electronics. Therefore, high-volumetric-capacity anode materials, with flexibility and good cycling stability for better, are still highly desirable for ESS.MXenes are a family of 2D transition metal carbides and/or nitrides with a general formula M n+1 X n T x , where M is an early transition metals, X is C and/or N, T x is the surface terminations including OH, F, and O, and n is usually 1-4. [2][3][4][5][6] Due to the unique layered structure, superhigh conductivity (>20 000 S cm −1 ), [7] tunable physical and chemical properties, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene has become promising candidates for many applications. [8][9][10][11][12] Especially in ESS, [13,14] Ti 3 C 2 T x shows tremendous potential with many attracting figure of merits. [15] For example, computational results have demonstrated that the Na + diffusion barrier on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x is relatively low (0.1-0.2 eV), contributing to faster charge transfer. [16,17] Furthermore, modeling and experimental investigations suggest that the process of sodiation/desodiation between the Ti 3 C 2 T x layers is electrochemically reversible. [18,19] These characteristics make Ti 3 C 2 T x a suitable candidate for ESS. When it assembles into film, Ti 3 C 2 T x can be directly applied as a freestanding electrode for ESS without using conductive agents, polymeric binders as well as metal current collectors. This process highly decreases the "dead volume" caused by the noncapacity contribution additive, further unleashing the potential of Ti 3 C 2 T x for high-volumetric-capacity ESS. However, similar to other 2D nanomaterials, Ti 3 C 2 T x sheets have a strong tendency to Electrochemical sodium-ion storage has come out as a promising technology for energy storage, where the development of electrode material that affords high volumetric capacity and long-term cycling stability remains highly desired yet a challenge. Herein, Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene)-based films are prepared by using sulfur (S) as the mediator to modulate the surface chemistry and microstructure, generating S-doped mesoporous Ti 3 C 2 T x films with high flexibility. The mesoporous architecture offers desirable surface accessibility without significantly sacrificing the high density of Ti 3 C 2 T x film. Meanwhile, the surface sulfur doping of Ti 3 C 2 T x favo...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti₃C₂T_x Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Lian

Song

et al. 2021

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“…Generally, compared to the enhanced capacitive performance exhibited at elevated temperatures (e.g., from 25 to 60 • C), large capacitance decay at sub-zero temperatures is a major challenge [22,49]. To demonstrate the excellent sub-zero-temperature stability in ordered architectures, electrochemical measurements of the aligned Ti 3 C 2 T x aerogel at 0.8 mg cm −2 are conducted in two-electrode configurations with a potential window of 0.7 V (Figure S8) and operating temperatures ranging from 25 to −30 • C. 3 M H 2 SO 4 aqueous solution is still applied as an electrolyte owing to its ultrahigh ionic conductivity over the common organic electrolytes, which can remain unfrozen even at −30 • C [17].…”

Section: Sub-zero-temperature Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Realistically, considering that a large fraction of global population usually experiences sub-zero temperatures (even −30 • C) in winter, thus energy storage devices are expected to operate under such cold conditions [16]. Improving sub-zero-temperature electrochemical performance is crucial and challenging for supercapacitors, especially for pseudocapacitors [17]. Although pseudocapacitors exhibit higher specific capacitance over electric double-layer capacitors, a more significant capacitance decay (25-45% from near 25 to 0 • C [18][19][20][21]) occurs in pseudocapacitive energy storage due to the sluggish redox reaction process, poor electrical conductivity and decelerated ion transport [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligned Ti3C2TX Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability

Yang

et al. 2022

Energies

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Ti3C2Tx-based aerogels have attracted widespread attention for three-dimensional porous structures, which are promising to realize high-rate energy storage. However, disordered Ti3C2Tx aerogels with highly tortuous porosity fabricated by conventional unidirectional freeze-casting substantially increase ion diffusion lengths and hinder electrolyte ions transport. Herein we demonstrate a new bidirectional ice-templated approach to synthesize porous ordered Ti3C2Tx aerogel with straight and aligned channels, straight and short ion diffusion pathways, leading to better ion accessibility. The aligned Ti3C2Tx aerogel exhibits the high specific capacitance of 345 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1 and rate capability of 52.2% from 10 to 5000 mV s−1. The specific capacitance is insensitive of mass loadings even at 10 mg cm−2 and an excellent power density of 137.3 mW cm–2 is obtained in symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx aerogel supercapacitors at sub-zero (to −30 °C) temperatures are reported for the first time. The aligned Ti3C2Tx aerogel delivers temperature-independent rate performance and high capacitance retention (73% at 50 mV s−1 from 25 to −30 °C) due to the unique structure with metallic conductivity.

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“…Preinsertion of solvents into the MXene interlayers can also facilitate ion transport by offering 2D tunnels for ion transport, which benefits the charge storage process at both room and low temperature. 43 Preintercalation of MXenes with ions present in the electrolyte or with some large ions can assist the electrolyte ion transport because the larger interlayer space enables better ion accessibility from the bulk electrolyte to the surface active sites. By introducing K + into the Ti 3 C 2 T x interlayer, the interlayer space more than doubles from 2 to 4.8 Å.…”

Section: Engineering the Interlayer Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Design and characterization of 2D MXene-based electrode with high-rate capability

Wang

Bannenberg

2021

MRS Bulletin

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MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, are promising materials for electrochemical energy storage application due to their redox-active surface and flexible interlayer space. Among all reported MXene-based electrodes, some have shown significantly better high-rate energy storage capabilities. Hence, it is crucial to have a systematic understanding on the decisive factors of the rate capability in the MXene family. This article discusses the impact of material properties at three levels, including intralayer composition, interlayer space and morphology, on the charge transfer and ion transport, revealing all the possible rate-limiting factors of MXene-based electrodes. We also describe systematic methods to characterize MXene electrodes as a detailed fundamental understanding of the structural and chemical properties, and the charge storage mechanisms crucial for rationally designing MXene-based electrodes. Graphic abstract

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Low-Temperature pseudocapacitive energy storage in Ti3C2T MXene

Cited by 80 publications

References 50 publications

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti₃C₂T_x Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti₃C₂T_x Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Aligned Ti3C2TX Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability

Design and characterization of 2D MXene-based electrode with high-rate capability

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Low-Temperature pseudocapacitive energy storage in Ti3C2T MXene

Cited by 80 publications

References 50 publications

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti3C2Tx Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti3C2Tx Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Aligned Ti3C2TX Aerogel with High Rate Performance, Power Density and Sub-Zero-Temperature Stability

Design and characterization of 2D MXene-based electrode with high-rate capability

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Product

Resources

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Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti₃C₂T_x Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage

Surface Chemistry and Mesopore Dual Regulation by Sulfur‐Promised High Volumetric Capacity of Ti₃C₂T_x Films for Sodium‐Ion Storage