Low-temperature property investigation of the lead indium-niobate–lead nickel-niobate solid solution

Synthesis, formation and characterization of lead indium niobate–lead titanate powders

“…The disorder PIN is a relaxor ferroelectric with a psudo-cubic perovskite structure. It shows the relaxor behavior with a broad dielectric maximum near 66°C, when measured at 1 kHz [3,4]. On the other hand, the ordered PIN has the antiferroelectric orthorhombic phase [5][6][7][8][9] with a sharp peak in the dielectric constant at 168°C [4,10].…”

“…It shows the relaxor behavior with a broad dielectric maximum near 66°C, when measured at 1 kHz [3,4]. On the other hand, the ordered PIN has the antiferroelectric orthorhombic phase [5][6][7][8][9] with a sharp peak in the dielectric constant at 168°C [4,10]. However, pure-phase perovskite PIN ceramics free of the pyrochlore phase are very difficult to prepare using a conventional mixed oxide methode [7,11].…”

Effect of niobate B-site precursors on phase formation and particle size of lead nickel niobate powders

“…Because of these important technological applications, there has been a great deal of interest in preparation of single-phase PNN powders as well as in the sintering and dielectric properties of PNN-based ceramics [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…However, it is well-documented that the formation of PNN perovskite via the solid-state reaction is often accompanied by the occurrence of unwanted pyrochlore-type phases because of the volatilization of PbO and the low dispersion of NiO [4][5][6]. Hence, several material processing techniques, for example, combustion [7], co-precipitation [8] and hydrothermal [9], have been introduced as alternative to the solid-state reaction of mixed oxides to minimize the amount of pyrochlore phase formed.…”

“…The columbite-precursor method which was first developed by Swart and Shrout [10] is probably one of the most fundamental, practical routine method which has been used, and it has been modified intensively for the preparation of PNN powder in the last decade [4][5][6]. In this method, an intermediate step to give columbite-type NiNb 2 O 6 precursor is used to bypass the formation of the pyrochlore phases.…”