Low-temperature-processed inorganic perovskite solar cells <i>via</i> solvent engineering with enhanced mass transport

Zai, Huachao; Zhang, De-Liang; Li, Liang; Zhu, Cheng; Ma, Sai; Zhao, Yizhou; Zhao, Zhiguo; Chen, Changfeng; Zhou, Huanping; Li, Yujing; Chen, Qi

doi:10.1039/c8ta09859j

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[175] Zai et al used DMSO/DMF solvent mixtures at 100 8 8C(using SnO 2 as ETL and PTAA as the HTL) to obtain asPCE of 14.3 %with 1.16 V V OC . [176]…”

Section: Low-temperature Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Inorganic CsPbX₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

et al. 2019

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Recently, lead halide‐based perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in photovoltaic research because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among them, organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made very rapid progress with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now at 23.7 %. However, the intrinsically unstable nature of these materials, particularly to moisture and heat, may be a problem for their long‐term stability. Replacing the fragile organic group with more robust inorganic Cs+ cations forms the cesium lead halide system (CsPbX3, X is halide) as all‐inorganic perovskites which are much more thermally stable and often more stable to other factors. From the first report in 2015 to now, the PCE of CsPbX3‐based PSCs has abruptly increased from 2.9 % to 17.1 % with much enhanced stability. In this Review, we summarize the field up to now, propose solutions in terms of development bottlenecks, and attempt to boost further research in CsPbX3 PSCs.

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“…[175] Zai et al used DMSO/DMF solvent mixtures at 100 8 8C(using SnO 2 as ETL and PTAA as the HTL) to obtain asPCE of 14.3 %with 1.16 V V OC . [176]…”

Section: Low-temperature Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Inorganic CsPbX₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

et al. 2019

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“…A diethyl ether was used as antisolvent for the extraction of newly formed nuclei, followed by an annealing process at 260 °C for 15 s. Solar cells with an inverted architecture (FTO/NiMgLiO/CsPbBrI 2 /phenyl‐C60‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/bathocuproine/Ag) achieved a PCE of 9.14%. Chen and co‐workers also reported the solvent engineering method by changing the ratio of DMF/DMSO in the precursor solution. They stated that the formation of CsI–PbX 2 –DMSO intermediate during the spin coating process, as confirmed by XRD characterization, significantly reduces the annealing temperature of the perovskite film to 100 °C.…”

Section: Inorganic Perovskite Materials and Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Recent Progress of All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells

2019

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perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.2% in 2019, [19] which is comparable with that of copper indiumgallium diselenide (CIGS) [20] and siliconbased solar cells.The general chemical formula of a perovskite compound can be described as ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation (methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 + (MA + )), formamidinium (CH(NH 2 ) 2 + (FA + )), cesium, etc.), B is a divalent metal cation (Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , etc.), and X is occupied by a halide counterion (Cl − , Br − , and I − ). It is possible to form mixed compounds with respect to each site. The commercialization of hybrid perovskites requires materials that are thermodynamically stable and can withstand various thermal stressing tests, including natural daynight cycling and exposure to full sunlight. The organic parts in perovskites (such as MA + or FA + ) cannot endure high temperature and thus presents a longterm stability issue for devices under operation. Among the various degradation and decomposition pathways of hybrid perovskite, which depend on environmental factors such as humidity and illumination, a common theme is the low thermal stability of these perovskites, even in inert atmosphere. [21][22][23] For example, release of CH 3 NH 2 has been reported in MA-based perovskite films at temperatures of 80 °C, indicating decomposition of MA. [24] However, standard operational conditions for photovoltaics require materials and devices to be stable at this temperature. Therefore, the replacement of the organic parts by inorganic components (Cs + ) is expected to dramatically increase the long-term stability. [23,25,26] It has been widely reported that even a small amount of cesium can greatly enhance the thermal stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. [27,28] For example, FA 0.83 Cs 0.17 Pb(I 0.6 Br 0.4 ) 3 demonstrates both thermal and moisture stability, and stability to operation in the presence of oxygen. [29] An early report by Hodes [30] shows that thin films of the inorganic perovskite CsPbBr 3 can be prepared with a two-step method. The solar cells employing these layers yield an impressive high open circuit voltage (V oc ) of 1.32 V. These results, as the authors emphasize, indicate that the organic moiety is not an essential component in constructing high-performance perovskite materials and devices. Since then, with numerous publications each year, the inorganic PSCs research community is keeping highly active, including novel deposition methods All-inorganic perovskites are considered to be one of the most appealing research hotspots in the field of perovskite photovoltaics in the past 3 years due to their superior thermal stability compared to their organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. The power-conversion efficiency has reached 17.06% and the number of important publications is ever increasing. Here, the progress of inorganic perovskites is systematically highlighted, covering materials design, preparation of high-quality perovskite films, and avoidance of phase in...

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“…Recently, inorganic perovskites formed by completely substituting organic cations with Cs cation have attracted increasing attention owing to their dramatically improved thermal stability . An acceptable PCE of 10.0% has been achieved in the carbon‐based CsPbI 2 Br PSCs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature‐Processed Stable and Efficient Carbon‐Based CsPbI₂Br Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by In Situ Passivating Grain Boundary and Trap Density

Zhou

Hou

et al. 2019

Solar RRL

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Improvement in stability and an economical processing technique are the main aspects of the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a 425 nm‐thick CsPbI2Br film with a high crystalline, smooth, and uniform surface morphology is obtained by Pb(SCN)2 passivating the grain boundaries under low temperature (150 °C). The results of a series of electrochemical analyses, including space‐charge‐limited‐current (SCLC), open‐circuit voltage decay (OCVD), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), and intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), demonstrate that the trap density of the CsPbI2Br film is greatly reduced with Pb(SCN)2, which effectively inhibits the interface recombination and promotes charge transport in CsPbI2Br PSC. Efficiencies of 12.22% and 10.44% are achieved for low‐temperature‐processed CsPbI2Br planar‐architecture PSCs with ITO/SnO2/CsPbI2Br/ poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/Ag and ITO/SnO2/CsPbI2Br/carbon, respectively. This low‐cost, high‐efficiency carbon‐based inorganic PSC shows potential industrial application, especially for tandem solar cells.

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Low-temperature-processed inorganic perovskite solar cells via solvent engineering with enhanced mass transport

Abstract: Highly efficient and stable low-temperature-processed inorganic perovskite solar cells via solvent engineering with enhanced mass transport.

Cited by 68 publications

References 42 publications

All‐Inorganic CsPbX₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

All‐Inorganic CsPbX₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

Review on Recent Progress of All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells

Low Temperature‐Processed Stable and Efficient Carbon‐Based CsPbI₂Br Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by In Situ Passivating Grain Boundary and Trap Density

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Low-temperature-processed inorganic perovskite solar cells via solvent engineering with enhanced mass transport

Abstract: Highly efficient and stable low-temperature-processed inorganic perovskite solar cells via solvent engineering with enhanced mass transport.

Cited by 68 publications

References 42 publications

All‐Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

All‐Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

Review on Recent Progress of All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells

Low Temperature‐Processed Stable and Efficient Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by In Situ Passivating Grain Boundary and Trap Density

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Product

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All‐Inorganic CsPbX₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

All‐Inorganic CsPbX₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects

Low Temperature‐Processed Stable and Efficient Carbon‐Based CsPbI₂Br Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by In Situ Passivating Grain Boundary and Trap Density