Low temperature processed, high-performance and stable NiOx based inverted planar perovskite solar cells via a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) nanodots cathode electron-extraction layer

The Impact of Hybrid Compositional Film/Structure on Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Here, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) served as a p-type layer and fullerene-based molecules served as the n-type layer to form the first p-i-n type perovskite solar cell. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) [ 65 , 66 , 67 ] and transition metal oxides such as NiO x [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], CuO x [ 73 , 74 , 75 ], CrO x [ 76 , 77 ], and V 2 O 5 [ 78 , 79 ], have been widely employed as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells, demonstrating the importance of the hole-transporting layer (HTL) in PSCs. The HTL is usually spin-coated onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrate before annealing, and serves to extract holes from the perovskite and then transfer them into the electrode.…”

Defined High Molar Mass Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s

“…This,i nc ombination with the ease of end-group functionalization has led to multiresponsive PAOx, [12][13][14] as well as intricate thermoresponsive colour changing solutions. [16,17] Whilst the polymerisation of 2-oxazolines has been established for many decades and numerous applications of PAOx have been developed, it has been impossible to prepare uniform high-molar mass PAOx. [16,17] Whilst the polymerisation of 2-oxazolines has been established for many decades and numerous applications of PAOx have been developed, it has been impossible to prepare uniform high-molar mass PAOx.…”

Defined High Molar Mass Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s

“…[15] Another recently emerging application of PAOx is their use as dipole layer in solar cells and LEDs. [16,17] Whilst the polymerisation of 2-oxazolines has been established for many decades and numerous applications of PAOx have been developed, it has been impossible to prepare uniform high-molar mass PAOx. [18] Low molar mass polymers with very narrow dispersities have been synthesised, [19,20] but attempts to produce narrow polymers with molar masses beyond 10 kDa are rarely reported and involve relatively low temperatures,w ith Monnery et al being the most significant reporting apoly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline with anumber average molar mass (M n )o f5 5.9 kDa and ad ispersity ()o f 1.06.…”