ZnO is a wide-band-gap semiconductor material and is recognized as having potential for optoelectronic device applications. Some of the properties that support this assertion are (a) low threshold power for optical pumping at room temperature, [1][2][3] (b) large exciton binding energy (60 meV), which may give rise to efficient UV lasing, and (c) a tunable band gap from 2.8 to 4.0 eV. [4,5] A clear understanding of recombination mechanisms is important for achieving the potential applications. In pursuit of this goal the emission and reflection spectra of ZnO have been extensively investigated and the data have been interpreted in terms of the wurtzite crystal band structure applicable to ZnO. In this study the intrinsic exciton transitions were observed in emission from several ZnO crystals.
Free ExcitonsThe high quality ZnO samples were cut from a 2-in. boule grown by a seeded physical vapor transport method. Photoluminescence (PL) spectral measurements were made at 2 K with the sample immersed in liquid He.