Low temperature nitriding of AISI 300 and 200 series austenitic stainless steels

Borgioli, Francesca; Galvanetto, Emanuele; Bacci, T.

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.02.009

Cited by 100 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As stainless steels ASTM F138 and AISI 316L are widely used in many areas, such as chemical and petrochemical processing, aerospace and automotive industries, as well as in biomedical engineering, as an implant material, studies on these materials have received great attention [1][2][3][4] . The important properties in this context are high hardness, wear resistance and also corrosion resistance, which can be improved by plasma nitriding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Gas Pressure of Plasma Nitriding on the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Surface Properties of AISI 316L

et al. 2019

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In this paper, the influence of gas nitriding (80% H 2-20% N 2) pressure (between 3 and 7 Torr) on the modification of surface properties of AISI 316L stainless steel is examined. The structural, mechanical, tribological and electrochemical properties of the layer produced in disk samples were studied. The samples' characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical potential curves, microhardness, roughness and wear tests. When pressure increases, the microhardness, elasticity and thickness also increase. The maximum thickness of the nitrided layer was 6.4 µm, the hardness reached 2200 HV 0.0036 and the mass loss decreased until 1% relatively to the unnitrided sample. The X-ray diffractograms showed the presence of the expanded austenite in all the samples. The correlation between these diffractograms and the corrosion results corroborate to the most recent previous conclusions of our systematic study, which evince the interconnection between the improvement of the corrosion resistance and the presence of nitrides on the top of the nitrided layer. More significant presence of such nitrides was observed for the sample nitrided at 6 Torr, whose corrosion performance was better than for the other samples. This pressure seems to be the most indicated to improve the properties under study. Moreover, the results verified not only that the sample geometry is an important factor for enhancing these properties but also that the border effect, which causes the rings on the disk border, depends on the pressure, but not on temperature or time from the plasma nitriding process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Gas Pressure of Plasma Nitriding on the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Surface Properties of AISI 316L

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, low-temperature nitriding and carburizing could be applied to austenitic stainless steel plates used under severe friction conditions. In addition, these treatments restrict the formation of chromium nitride or carbide, maintaining the corrosion resistance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear and Corrosion Properties of Cold-Sprayed AISI 316L Coatings Treated by Combined Plasma Carburizing and Nitriding at Low Temperature

Adachi

Ueda

2018

Coatings

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Cold-sprayed AISI 316L stainless steel coatings are treated to form an austenite phase with excessive dissolved nitrogen (known as the S-phase) by plasma nitriding at temperatures below 450 • C. The S-phase is a hard and wear-resistant layer with high corrosion resistance. However, the S-phase layer formed after only nitriding is thin and the hardness abruptly decreases at a certain depth; it lacks mechanical reliability. We examined two types of combined low-temperature plasma treatment to enhance the mechanical reliability of the S-phase layer: (i) sequential and (ii) simultaneous. In the sequential plasma treatment, the carburizing step was followed by nitriding. In the simultaneous treatment, the nitriding and carburizing steps were conducted at the same time. Both combined plasma treatments succeeded in thickening the S-phase layers and changed the hardness depth profiles to decrease smoothly. In addition, anodic polarization measurements indicated that sequential treatment involving carburizing followed by nitriding for 2 h each resulted in high corrosion resistance.However, plasma-sprayed stainless steel coatings include oxide layers, cracks, and pores in their structure, which deteriorate the corrosion resistance considerably.Cold-spraying is not a fusing process but a solid particle stacking process. Hence, cold-sprayed coatings are without any oxides, similar to a bulk steel structure [23]. It was reported that thick cold-sprayed 316L stainless steel coatings show electrochemical polarization behavior similar to bulk stainless steels [24]. Therefore, it is expected that cold-sprayed AISI 316L coatings can be applied as corrosion protective coatings. Additionally, Villa et al. reported that cold-sprayed 316L coatings can be hardened by cold working during the deposition process, which can also result in increased strength, and the abrasive wear resistance of the coating is in the same order of magnitude as that of coatings produced by HVOF [25]. However, the hardness of the 316L coatings was 358 ± 36 HVN, which is insufficient to apply under severe wear conditions.We have previously reported low-temperature plasma nitriding of cold-sprayed AISI 316L coatings to successfully improve the Vickers hardness to 1200 HV [26]. In particular, remelted AISI 316L coatings by a postlaser treatment had excellent corrosion protection for ordinary steel substrates due to a dense microstructure.However, there is a concern that S-phase layers formed by nitriding without carburizing could be delaminated when an external force is applied, because the hardness of the S-phase layers declines drastically at a certain depth. Low-temperature treatments combining nitriding and carburizing have been reported to result in a milder hardness distribution (with hardness not declining drastically), excellent wear resistance, and thickening of the S-phase layers. There are two types of combined treatments-(i) sequential and (ii) simultaneous. In the sequential treatment, carburizing is followed by nitriding [27][28][29]. Meanwhile, in ...

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“…However, the strength of these steels is relatively low in the annealed state, which is a drawback for many potential applications. As a result, various methods such as grain refinement, [1][2][3][4] solid solution strengthening, [5] and work hardening [6] have been practiced so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evolutions During Annealing of Plastically Deformed AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel: Martensite Reversion, Grain Refinement, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth

Naghizadeh

Mirzadeh

2016

Metall Mater Trans A

103

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MEYSAM NAGHIZADEH and HAMED MIRZADEHMicrostructural evolutions during annealing of a plastically deformed AISI 304 stainless steel were investigated. Three distinct stages were identified for the reversion of strain-induced martensite to austenite, which were followed by the recrystallization of the retained austenite phase and overall grain growth. It was shown that the primary recrystallization of the retained austenite postpones the formation of an equiaxed microstructure, which coincides with the coarsening of the very fine reversed grains. The latter can effectively impair the usefulness of this thermomechanical treatment for grain refinement at both high and low annealing temperatures. The final grain growth stage, however, was found to be significant at high annealing temperatures, which makes it difficult to control the reversion annealing process for enhancement of mechanical properties. Conclusively, this work unravels the important microstructural evolution stages during reversion annealing and can shed light on the requirements and limitations of this efficient grain refining approach.

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Low temperature nitriding of AISI 300 and 200 series austenitic stainless steels

Cited by 100 publications

References 47 publications

Influence of the Gas Pressure of Plasma Nitriding on the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Surface Properties of AISI 316L

Influence of the Gas Pressure of Plasma Nitriding on the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Surface Properties of AISI 316L

Wear and Corrosion Properties of Cold-Sprayed AISI 316L Coatings Treated by Combined Plasma Carburizing and Nitriding at Low Temperature

Microstructural Evolutions During Annealing of Plastically Deformed AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel: Martensite Reversion, Grain Refinement, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth

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