Low-Temperature Magnetic Susceptibilities ofAl2O3:

Crystal-field hamiltonian and spin–orbit interaction for d2 and d8 ions at low C3 symmetry sites: V3+:Al2O3 and Ni2+:LiNbO3

“…In Table 1, the experimental energy levels of the V 3+ ion doped in Al 2 O 3 crystal are listed [10][11][12]. These energies are measured in s and p polarization.…”

“…The optical spectra and the experimental energy data of V 3+ :Al 2 O 3 [10][11][12] and of Ni 2+ :LiNbO 3 [20,37] are used for our theoretical analysis. The LS-ground term of the 3d 2 and 3d 8 configurations is 3 F, which is split by octahedral CF into 3 T 1g , 3 T 2g and 3 A 2g states.…”

“…The Ni 2+ ions are surrounded by six oxygen atoms with a slight tetragonal distortion from octahedral symmetry. Previous studies of V 3+ :Al 2 O 3 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and of Ni 2+ :LiNbO 3 [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] were based on the approximated C 3v or O h rather than that of the actual C 3 symmetry. Such approximations may not provide a reliable insight into the energy-level structure for V 3+ electronic structure of 3d N ions at arbitrary symmetry sites in crystals, including 3d 2 and 3d 8 ions at trigonal C 3 symmetry sites, an extended crystal-field (CF) analysis computer package has been developed [25,26].…”

“…One way to achieve tunable laser oscillation is by using transition metal and rareearth ions as laser active ions in crystals [1][2][3][4]. Since V 3+ :Al 2 O 3 crystal is technologically a important material, a great deal of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The vanadium ion V 3+ (3d 2 ) readily substitutes for an aluminium ion A1 3+ in A1 2 O 3 [13].…”