Low Temperature Flow Properties of Engine Oils

Stambaugh, R. L.; O'Mara, JH

doi:10.4271/821247

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) The sensitivity of some oils to cool-down rate was found to be the reason for the failure of the MRV test to identify oils with poor low-temperature performance. (24)(25)(26)3) In 1987, MacAlpine and May reported that basestock pour points or residual wax contents% alone do not predict low-shear viscometric properties of formulated engine oils under slow-cool conditions. The wax composition was reported to be a key factor with both normal and non-normal paraffins contributing to low-temperature viscosity increases.…”

Section: B Background -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oil was _ooled quickly (approximately 2 hours) to the test temperature and held at test temperature approximately IS hours until the pumpability test was started.This procedure was changed as information on the critical nature of oil cooling rate on pumpability of some engine oils became available in the literature. The new slower oil cooling procedure (84CP) used was essentially the-"Sioux Falls" cycle (SFC) that included a programmed stepwise cooldown (25). In the 84CP cooling procedure, the oil was cooled as fast as possible to a point 14 0 F above the desired pumpability test temperature and held there for 8 hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature Pumpability of U.S. Army Diesel Engine Oils

Frame¹,

Montemayor²,

Owens³

1989

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Contract No. DAAK70-87-C-0043 AUG 2 31988 ! ' Approved for public release; distrioution unlimited H D~cernber 1987 07% % = Disclaimers The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. Trade names cited in this report do not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial hardware or software.

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Section: B Background -mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Pumpability of U.S. Army Diesel Engine Oils

Frame¹,

Montemayor²,

Owens³

1989

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Unfortunately, the standards were flawed and severe field problems plagued the industry during the early 1980s. It was demonstrated that the severity of the problem varied greatly with engine design and that a major source of the problem could be caused by wax gelation or pour point reversion problems [85]. It was also shown that in the absence of wax problems, PMAs provided a superior performance to that of SIPs which, in turn, were superior to OCPs with the differences largest in the most severe engines [86].…”

Section: Low-temperature Viscositymentioning

confidence: 97%

Viscosity Index Improvers and Thickeners

Stambaugh

Kinker

2009

Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants

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The viscosity index of an oil or an oil formulation is an important physical parameter. Viscosity index improvers, VIIs, are comprised of five main classes of polymers: polymethylmethacrylates (PMAs), olefin copolymers (OCPs), hydrogenated poly(styrene-co-butadiene or isoprene) (HSD/SIP/HRIs), esterified polystyrene-co-maleic anhydride (SPEs) and a combination of PMA/OCP systems. The chemistry, manufacture, dispersancy and utility of each class are described. The comparative functions, properties, thickening ability, dispersancy and degradation of VIIs are discussed. Permanent and temporary shear thinning of VII-thickened formulations are described and compared. The end-use performance and choice of VI improvers is discussed in terms of low-and high-temperature viscosities, journal bearing oil film thickness, fuel economy, oil consumption, high-temperature pumping efficiency and deposit control. Discussion of future developments concludes that VI improvers will evolve to meet new challenges of increased thermaloxidative degradation from increased engine operating temperatures, different base stocks of either synthetic base oils or vegetable oil-based, together with alcohol-or vegetable oil-based fuels. VI improvers must also evolve to deal with higher levels of fuel dilution and new types of sludge and also enhanced low-temperature requirements. IntroductionThe 'viscosity index', VI, was an important measure of quality early in the history of the lubricants industry, indicating an oil's potential applications over a wide range of temperatures, described in Section 1.3.2. Pennsylvania grade oils,~100 VI, were the standard against which all others were measured. Hydrogenation and solvent extraction processes were developed to upgrade lubricants from poorer quality crude oils, but the practical VI ceiling for 1930s refinery technology was~110-115.Early workers found that small amounts of rubber dissolved into mineral oil substantially raised VI; however, high levels of unsaturation in the polymer led to oxidation and sludge formation. This was overcome by using a synthetic polymer prepared from gasoline light ends [1], and similar behaviour was later described for 153 R.M. Mortier et al. (eds.), Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, 3rd edn.,

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“…The need to measure the low-temperature pumpability of engine oils has been clearly recognized since the 1970's [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This need was underscored by a number of engine failures occurring in the winter of 1980 [7] caused by the formation of a gelated condition in a popular engine oil (as well as engine failures in Europe the following winter of 1981). The subsequent development of the Scanning Brookfield Technique (SBT) [8] was a direct response to these field occurrences.…”

Section: Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal History of the Engine Oil and Its Effects on Low-Temperature Pumpability and Gelation Formation

Selby

Miiller²

2008

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Low-temperature engine oil pumpability has been a concern for OEMs, engine oil formulators, and additive manufacturers for a number of years particularly since a significant number of air-binding failures in 1980 and '81. On careful investigation of the cause of such field failures, it was found that oil sensitivity to a particular combination of weather conditions was responsible. The experience also suggested that many other lowtemperature weather conditions might produce enginedamaging gelation. Thus, it seemed desirable to develop a bench test that would induce and measure gelation that might form in engine oil by continuously measuring slowly cooling oil over an extensive lowtemperature range. This led to the development of the Scanning Brookfield Technique (SBT) first reported in 1982. Oil supply lines to Atmospheric Pressure 3 Oil pump Oil in sump valve-train and crankshaft 'Air-Binding' Process Oil Screen

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Low Temperature Flow Properties of Engine Oils

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Low-Temperature Pumpability of U.S. Army Diesel Engine Oils

Low-Temperature Pumpability of U.S. Army Diesel Engine Oils

Viscosity Index Improvers and Thickeners

Thermal History of the Engine Oil and Its Effects on Low-Temperature Pumpability and Gelation Formation

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