Low-temperature catalytic upgrading of waste polyolefinic plastics into liquid fuels and waxes

Nakaji, Yosuke; Tamura, Masazumi; Miyaoka, Shuhei; Kumagai, Shogo; Tanji, Mifumi; Nakagawa, Yoshinao; Tomishige, Keiichi

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119805

Cited by 179 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Prior work has focused on discovering hydrogenolysis catalysts to produce fuels for proof-of-concept. 6 , 8 , 23 − 26 For example, the hydrogenolysis of polyethylene over an ordered mesoporous shell/active site/core, Pt/SiO 2 catalyst was showcased to demonstrate a processive mechanism. 27 Ruthenium-supported catalysts, e.g., Ru/C, 24 , 26 , 28 Ru/zeolites, 29 and Ru/CeO 2 , 23 possess higher activity than Pt 8 , 25 and are potentially promising materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 , 8 , 23 − 26 For example, the hydrogenolysis of polyethylene over an ordered mesoporous shell/active site/core, Pt/SiO 2 catalyst was showcased to demonstrate a processive mechanism. 27 Ruthenium-supported catalysts, e.g., Ru/C, 24 , 26 , 28 Ru/zeolites, 29 and Ru/CeO 2 , 23 possess higher activity than Pt 8 , 25 and are potentially promising materials. Unfortunately, Ru generates significant methane, which is an undesirable, low-value product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis at Mild Conditions over Ruthenium on Tungstated Zirconia

Wang

Xie

Kots

et al. 2021

JACS Au

135

146

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Plastics waste has become a major environmental threat, with polyethylene being one of the most produced and hardest to recycle plastics. Hydrogenolysis is potentially the most viable catalytic technology for recycling. Ruthenium (Ru) is one of the most active hydrogenolysis catalysts but yields too much methane. Here we introduce ruthenium supported on tungstated zirconia (Ru-WZr) for hydrogenolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). We show that the Ru-WZr catalysts suppress methane formation and produce a product distribution in the diesel and wax/lubricant base-oil range unattainable by Ru-Zr and other Ru-supported catalysts. Importantly, the enhanced performance is showcased for real-world, single-use LDPE consumables. Reactivity studies combined with characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that highly dispersed (WO x ) n clusters store H as surface hydroxyls by spillover. We correlate this hydrogen storage mechanism with hydrogenation and desorption of long alkyl intermediates that would otherwise undergo further C–C scission to produce methane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis at Mild Conditions over Ruthenium on Tungstated Zirconia

Wang

Xie

Kots

et al. 2021

JACS Au

135

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The resulting application of such processes can lead to the recovery of waste materials, the substitution of inputs in the production of new plastics or in the production of substances suitable as waxes and fuels. An example of such an application is to obtain valuable chemicals, liquid fuels and waxes in high yields [ 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Wastes Plastics and Tires from Automotive Industry

et al. 2021

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Waste tires (granulate) and selected plastics from the automotive industry were evaluated by using the tertiary (pyrolysis) and quaternary (calorimetry) recovering. Pyrolysis is proving to be an environmentally friendly alternative to incineration and inefficient landfilling. Currently, the main challenges for pyrolysis of plastic waste are unavailability and inconsistent quality of feedstock, inefficient and hence costly sorting, and last but not least insufficient regulations around plastic waste management. Waste plastics and tire materials were characterized by TG/DTG analysis, Py-GC/MS analysis and calorimetry. TG analysis of the investigated materials gives the typical decomposition curves of synthetic polymers. The tested samples had the highest rate of weight loss process in the temperature range from 375 °C to 480 °C. Analytical pyrolysis of the tested polymers provided information on a wide variety of organic compounds that were released upon thermal loading of these materials without access to oxygen. Analytical pyrolysis offers valuable information on the spectrum of degradation products and their potential uses. Based on the results of calorimetry, it can be stated that the determined calorific value of selected plastic and rubber materials was ranging from 26.261 to 45.245 MJ/kg depending on the ash content and its composition.

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“…After achieving the hydrogenolysis of squalane, the group utilized the Ru/CeO 2 catalyst for the direct hydrogenolysis of different PE and PP plastics. [33] The efficient Ru/CeO 2 catalyst converted the LDPE (M W � 4000 Da) into liquid fuels (C 5 À C 21 ) and waxes (C 22 À C 45 ) under 20 bar H 2 at 200°C with a total yield of 92 %. The Ru NPs on the CeO 2 support were in the metallic state with a small particle size ( � 1 nm), which acted as the main catalytic centers.…”

Section: Hydrogenolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Chemical Upcycling of Plastic Wastes

2021

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The massive generation of plastic wastes without satisfactory treatment has induced severe environmental problems and gained increasing attentions. In this Minireview, recent progresses in the chemical upcycling of plastic wastes by using various methods (mainly in the past three to five years) is summarized. The chemical upcycling of plastic wastes points out a "plastic-based refinery" concept, which is to use the plastic wastes as platform feedstocks to produce highly valuable monomeric or oligomeric compounds, putting the plastic wastes back into a circular economy. The different chemical methods to upcycle plastic wastes, including hydrogenolysis, photocatalysis, pyrolysis, solvolysis, and others, are introduced in each section to valorize diverse plastic feedstocks into value-added chemicals, materials, or fuels. In addition, other emerging technologies as well as the new generation of plastic thermosets are covered.

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Low-temperature catalytic upgrading of waste polyolefinic plastics into liquid fuels and waxes

Cited by 179 publications

References 48 publications

Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis at Mild Conditions over Ruthenium on Tungstated Zirconia

Polyethylene Hydrogenolysis at Mild Conditions over Ruthenium on Tungstated Zirconia

Recycling of Wastes Plastics and Tires from Automotive Industry

Recent Progress in the Chemical Upcycling of Plastic Wastes

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