Low temperature and surfactant-free synthesis of Pd 2 Sn intermetallic nanoparticles for ethanol electro-oxidation

Wang, Congmin; Wu, Yurong; Wang, Xin; Zou, Liangliang; Zou, Zhiqing; Yang, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.10.094

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the catalysts was estimated from the coulombic charge for the reduction of PdO, i.e. from the area over the voltammetry curve in the PdO reduction peak region [13]:…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry In Base Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECSA values obtained for Pd, Pd/rGO, PdP2, and PdP2/rGO catalysts were 49.4 m 2 g -1 , 63.8 m 2 g -1 , 97.9 m 2 g -1 , and 105.1 m 2 g -1 , respectively. The Pd utilization effectiveness was estimated taking into account that the active surface area for full utilization of 1 g of Pd would be 448 m 2 [13,33]. Thus, the Pd utilization efficiencies of PdP2, PdP2/rGO, Pd/rGO and Pd were 21.8 %, 23.4 %, 14.2 % and 11.0 %, respectively (Figure 6e).…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry In Base Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, Pd is a more abundant and less demanded element, what currently translates in significantly lower costs. Pd [5] and Pd-based electrocatalysts, such as PdNi [6,7], Pd2Ru [8], PdCu [9][10][11], PdAu [12] and Pd2Sn [4,13], have demonstrated electrocatalytic activities in the electrooxidation of different types of liquid fuels and particularly ethanol comparable to those of Pt-based catalysts. Pd and Pd-based materials are also excellent catalysts for the Suzuki coupling reaction [14][15][16] and oxygen reduction reaction [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Graphene-supported palladium phosphide PdP2 nanocrystals for ethanol electrooxidation

Liu

Luo

et al. 2019

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Highlights  A new procedure was developed to produce single-phase PdP2 crystals in the nanometer size region.  PdP2 nanocrystals were applied as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction for the first time.  PdP2 nanocrystals supported on reduced graphene oxide showed excellent performances, comparable to the best Pt-and Pd-based catalysts.  PdP2 and PdP2/rGO nanocrystal-based catalysts demonstrated improved stability when compared with Pd and Pd/rGO.

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Section: Cyclic Voltammetry In Base Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry In Base Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-supported palladium phosphide PdP2 nanocrystals for ethanol electrooxidation

Liu

Luo

et al. 2019

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…The complex Pd–Sn phase diagram comprises eight room‐temperature phases (Pd 3 Sn, Pd 2 Sn, Pd 20 Sn 13 , α‐Pd 3 Sn 2 , γ‐phase ≈ Pd 59 Sn 41 , PdSn, Pd 5 Sn 7 , PdSn 2 , PdSn 3 , PdSn 4 ) and two high‐temperature phases (β‐Pd 3 Sn 2 , δ‐phase ≈ Pd 65 Sn 35 ) . In previous investigations, nanocrystals of Pd 2 Sn and PdSn were synthesized by a modified polyol process with NaBH 4 as reducing agent. Pd 3 Sn 2 nanoparticles could be obtained by Sun et al without using an additional reducing agent in EG under solvothermal conditions …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of the Microwave‐Assisted Polyol Process for the Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Intermetallic Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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The microwave-assisted polyol process was applied to synthesize phase-pure micro- or nanocrystalline intermetallic phases in the systems T-M (T = Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and M = Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi). Reaction temperatures range between 240 and 300 degrees C, and reaction times of a few minutes up to 1 h are sufficient. For optimization of the syntheses, the reaction temperature, reaction time, and metal precursors were changed. To obtain phase-pure samples the process was further modified by the addition of potassium hydroxide, oleylamine, or oleic acid. Single-phase powders of a variety of intermetallic compounds were synthesized. Although not stable at the temperature of synthesis, high-temperature phases are accessible as well. The microwave-assisted polyol process opens up the possibility to synthesize intermetallic compounds through a fast and easily applicable one-step route, without utilization of strong and often toxic reducing agents

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“…Moving away from Pt-based catalysts, increasing attention is being paid to Pd alloys, which offer lower cost, better resistance to poisoning and similar or even better catalytic activities [6][7][8]. We and others have recently demonstrated that alloying Pd with Sn and optimizing the catalyst crystallographic facets significantly improve EOR performances through a combination of electronic and bifunctional effects [9][10][11][12]. We have also recently reported that the incorporation of phosphorous into Pd catalysts affords several advantages toward EOR activity [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

Liu

et al. 2020

Nano Energy

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Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) show a huge potential to power future electric vehicles and portable electronics, but their deployment is currently limited by the unavailability of proper electrocatalysis for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In this work, we engineer a new electrocatalyst by incorporating phosphorous into a palladium-tin alloy and demonstrate a significant performance improvement toward EOR. We first detail a synthetic method to produce Pd2Sn:P nanocrystals that incorporate 35 % of phosphorus. These nanoparticles are supported on carbon black and tested for EOR. Pd2Sn:P/C catalysts exhibit mass current densities up to 4.89 A mgPd-1 , well above those of Pd2Sn/C, PdP2/C and Pd/C reference catalysts. Furthermore, a twofold lower Tafel slope and a much longer durability are revealed for the Pd2Sn:P/C catalyst compared with Pd/C. The performance improvement is rationalized with the aid of DFT calculations considering different phosphorous chemical environments. Depending on its oxidation state, surface phosphorus introduces sites with low energy OHadsorption and/or strongly influences the electronic structure of palladium and tin to facilitate the oxidation of the acetyl to acetic acid, which is considered the EOR rate limiting step.

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Low temperature and surfactant-free synthesis of Pd 2 Sn intermetallic nanoparticles for ethanol electro-oxidation

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Graphene-supported palladium phosphide PdP2 nanocrystals for ethanol electrooxidation

Graphene-supported palladium phosphide PdP2 nanocrystals for ethanol electrooxidation

Refinement of the Microwave‐Assisted Polyol Process for the Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Intermetallic Nanoparticles

Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

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