Low Temperature and Low UV Indexes Correlated with Peaks of Influenza Virus Activity in Northern Europe during 2010–2018

Ianevski, Aleksandr; Žusinaite, Eva; Shtaida, Nastassia; Kallio‐Kokko, Hannimari; Valkonen, Miia; Kantele, Anu; Telling, Kaidi; Lutsar, Irja; Letjuka, Pille; Metelitsa, Natalja; Oksenych, Valentyn; Dumpis, Uga; Vitkauskienė, Astra; Stašaitis, Kęstutis; Öhrmalm, Christina; Bondeson, Kåre; Bergqvist, Anders; Cox, Rebecca Jane; Tenson, Tanel; Merits, Andres; Kainov, Denis E.

doi:10.3390/v11030207

Cited by 92 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We showed that >10 sec of UVC radiation or 48 h incubation at 37 °C neutralized SARS-CoV-2, establishing a rationale and methodology for safe work in the laboratory. These results are consistent with previous studies showing that physical factors destabilize SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses (Cadnum et al, 2020;Demongeot et al, 2020;Ianevski et al, 2019b;Sobral et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Potential antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ianevski

Yao

Fenstad

et al. 2020

Preprint

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As of May 2020, the number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 continues to skyrocket, with more than 4,5 million cases worldwide. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) has highlighted the need for better control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Developing novel virus-specific vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 can be time-consuming and costly. Convalescent plasma and safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAAs) are readily available treatment options. Here we developed a neutralization assay using SARS-CoV-2 virus and monkey Vero-E6 cells. We identified most potent sera from recovered patients for treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified antiviral activity of nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. We found that combinations of virus-directed drug nelfinavir with host-directed drugs, such as salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine exhibit synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Finally, we developed a website to disseminate the knowledge on available and emerging treatments of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Potential antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ianevski

Yao

Fenstad

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The complex relationship between temperature and solar radiation, as shown in Figure 2, is important, because the effects of temperature and light, particularly in the ultra-violet spectrum, have been shown to be associated with seasonal viral activity in other contexts. [11] In this assessment, the independent association of precipitation with COVID-19 incidence rates was also appreciable. A recent meteorological analysis showed very similar weather patterns across a number of COVID-19 hotspots, including Wuhan City, in a corridor 30° to 50° North in early 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January-February 2020

Byass

2020

Preprint

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Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in early 2020 provides a rich data source for exploring the ecological determinants of this new infection, which may be of relevance elsewhere. Objectives: Assessing the spread of the COVID-19 across China, in relation to associations between cases and ecological factors including population density, temperature, solar radiation and precipitation. Methods: Open-access COVID-19 case data include 18,069 geo-located cases in China during January and February 2020, which were mapped onto a 0.25° latitude/longitude grid together with population and weather data (temperature, solar radiation and precipitation). Of 15,539 grid cells, 559 (3.6%) contained at least one case, and these were used to construct a Poisson regression model of cell-weeks. Weather parameters were taken for the preceding week given the established 5-7 day incubation period for COVID-19. The dependent variable in the Poisson model was incident cases per cell-week and exposure was cell population, allowing for clustering of cells over weeks, to give incidence rate ratios. Results: The overall COVID-19 incidence rate in cells with confirmed cases was 0.12 per 1,000. There was a single case in 113/559 (20.2%) of cells, while two grid cells recorded over 1,000 cases. Weekly means of maximum daily temperature varied from -28.0 to 30.1 °C, minimum daily temperature from -42.4 to 23.0 °C, maximum solar radiation from 0.04 to 2.74 MJm-2 and total precipitation from 0 to 72.6 mm. Adjusted incidence rate ratios suggested brighter, warmer and drier conditions were associated with lower incidence. Conclusion: Though not demonstrating cause and effect, there were appreciable associations between weather and COVID-19 incidence during the epidemic in China. This does not mean the pandemic will go away with summer weather but demonstrates the importance of using weather conditions in understanding and forecasting the spread of COVID-19.

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“…Conversely, brighter, drier weather may stimulate levels of social interaction, and thereby possibly counteract direct effects of heat and light on viruses. The complex observed relationship between temperature and solar radiation, as shown in Figure 2, is important, because the effects of temperature and light, particularly in the ultra-violet spectrum, have been shown to be associated with seasonal viral activity in other contexts [17]. In this assessment, the independent association of precipitation with COVID-19 incidence rates was also appreciable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January–February 2020

Byass

2020

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in early 2020 provides a rich data source for exploring the ecological determinants of this new infection, which may be of relevance as the pandemic develops. Objectives: Assessing the spread of the COVID-19 across China, in relation to associations between cases and ecological factors including population density, temperature, solar radiation and precipitation. Methods: Open-access COVID-19 case data include 18,069 geo-located cases in China during January and February 2020, which were mapped onto a 0.25°latitude/longitude grid together with population and weather data (temperature, solar radiation and precipitation). Of 15,539 grid cells, 559 (3.6%) contained at least one case, and these were used to construct a Poisson regression model of cell-weeks. Weather parameters were taken for the preceding week given the established 5-7 day incubation period for COVID-19. The dependent variable in the Poisson model was incident cases per cell-week and exposure was cell population, allowing for clustering of cells over weeks, to give incidence rate ratios. Results: The overall COVID-19 incidence rate in cells with confirmed cases was 0.12 per 1,000. There was a single confirmed case in 113/559 (20.2%) of cells, while two grid cells recorded over 1,000 confirmed cases. Weekly means of maximum daily temperature varied from −28.0°C to 30.1°C, minimum daily temperature from −42.4°C to 23.0°C, maximum solar radiation from 0.04 to 2.74 MJm −2 and total precipitation from 0 to 72.6 mm. Adjusted incidence rate ratios suggested brighter, warmer and drier conditions were associated with lower incidence. Conclusion: Though not demonstrating cause and effect, there were appreciable associations between weather and COVID-19 incidence during the epidemic in China. This does not mean the pandemic will go away with summer weather but demonstrates the importance of using weather conditions in understanding and forecasting the spread of COVID-19. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Low Temperature and Low UV Indexes Correlated with Peaks of Influenza Virus Activity in Northern Europe during 2010–2018

Cited by 92 publications

References 21 publications

Potential antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Potential antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January-February 2020

Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January–February 2020

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