Low temperature activation of inert hexagonal boron nitride for metal deposition and single atom catalysis

Lei, Yu; Pakhira, Srimanta; Fujisawa, Kazunori; Li, He; Guerrero‐Bermea, Cynthia; Zhang, Tianyi; Dasgupta, Archi; Martinez, L. M.; Singamaneni, Srinivasa Rao; Wang, Ke; Shallenberger, Jeffrey R.; Elías, Ana Laura; Cruz-Silva, Rodolfo; Endo, Morinobu; Mendoza-Cortés, José L.; Terrones, Mauricio

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.09.017

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The controlled synthesis of sub-nanometer clusters is relatively complicated as compared with the case of NPs because it is difficult to rationally stabilize several targeted atoms on the support, which is more like the metastable mesophase between SACs and NPs. As shown in Figure 2, we highlight several synthetic strategies, including wet-chemical methods, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] confinement combined with precursor-preselected strategy, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] defect-driven deposition, [39][40][41] and electrochemical methods, [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] etc. The general and essential characteristics of those strategies are that the strongly anchored sites on the support should be firstly guaranteed, combining with an appropriate and controllable nucleation process, which enables to precisely control the cluster size and composition by modulating the synthesis parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Sub‐Nanometer Clusters for Electrocatalysis Applications

Zhang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted great attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their exceptional activity, selectivity, 100% atom utilization, and tailorability of active sites at atomic level. The metal-support interactions and interatomic synergies, however, are severely limited due to the isolation of active sites in SACs which hinder their applications in some complex reactions. To this end, supported sub-nanometer cluster catalysts (SNCCs, <2 nm) with nearly fully exposed active atoms may outperform the SACs in some specific catalytic reactions. The presence of abundant chemical bonds in the clusters can flexibly regulate the support-cluster interaction and build ensemble effect in the sub-nanometer clusters for different electrocatalysis applications. In this review, recent advances of supported SNCCs in electrocatalysis applications are summarized and discussed for the first time. In particular, the importance of the support-cluster interactions and ensemble effect of the clusters in determining the catalytic performance of SNCCs are highlighted. Lastly, challenges and opportunities in SNCCs electrocatalysis are prospected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Sub‐Nanometer Clusters for Electrocatalysis Applications

Zhang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Residuals, impurities, and structural changes inherent (from raw material) or induced during the extreme conditions of the manufacturing process, could alter the reactivity of the BN material. [ 47–49 ] High resolution XPS spectra of B 1s, N 1s, O 1s, and C 1s showed that, with changing purity, there was no change in the total surface oxygen as evident from the O 1 spectra (Figure 3B) but a closer analysis of B 1 spectra by peak fitting (Figure 3C) showed a BO peak. This peak decreased with increasing purity and directly correlated with oxidant production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Impurities from Manufacturing Process on the Toxicity Profile of Boron Nitride Nanotubes

Kodali

Roberts

et al. 2022

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The toxicity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been the subject of conflicting reports, likely due to differences in the residuals and impurities that can make up to 30–60% of the material produced based on the manufacturing processes and purification employed. Four BNNTs manufactured by induction thermal plasma process with a gradient of BNNT purity levels achieved through sequential gas purification, water and solvent washing, allowed assessing the influence of these residuals/impurities on the toxicity profile of BNNTs. Extensive characterization including infrared and X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, size, charge, surface area, and density captured the alteration in physicochemical properties as the material went through sequential purification. The material from each step is screened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. As the material increased in purity, there are more high‐aspect‐ratio particulates and a corresponding distinct increase in cytotoxicity, nuclear factor‐κB transcription, and inflammasome activation. There is no alteration in macrophage function after BNNT exposure with all purity grades. The cytotoxicity and mechanism of screening clustered with the purity grade of BNNTs, illustrating that greater purity of BNNT corresponds to greater toxicity.

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“…Intuitively, we expect that weak interactions of PVA with graphene and hBN will be desirable for lowering γ pg and γ pb . Considering the extremely inert properties of hBN, [ 42 ] we assumed that no strong interactions will occur between PVA residues and hBN; hence γ pb is low. Unlike hBN, however, pristine graphene is known to have strong non‐covalent interactions with some polymers (e.g., PMMA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Interface Cleaning in Heterostructures Made from Polymer‐Contaminated Graphene

Huang

Cuniberto

Park

et al. 2022

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Heterostructures obtained from layered assembly of 2D materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride have potential in the development of new electronic devices. Whereas various materials techniques can now produce macroscopic scale graphene, the construction of similar size heterostructures with atomically clean interfaces is still unrealized. A primary barrier has been the inability to remove polymeric residues from the interfaces that arise between layers when fabricating heterostructures. Here, the interface cleaning problem of polymer‐contaminated heterostructures is experimentally studied from an energy viewpoint. With this approach, it is established that the interface cleaning mechanism involves a combination of thermally activated polymer residue mobilization and their mechanical actuation. This framework allows a systematic approach for fabricating record large‐area clean heterostructures from polymer‐contaminated graphene. These heterostructures provide state‐of‐the‐art electronic performance. This study opens new strategies for the scalable production of layered materials heterostructures.

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Low temperature activation of inert hexagonal boron nitride for metal deposition and single atom catalysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Supported Sub‐Nanometer Clusters for Electrocatalysis Applications

Supported Sub‐Nanometer Clusters for Electrocatalysis Applications

Influence of Impurities from Manufacturing Process on the Toxicity Profile of Boron Nitride Nanotubes

Mechanisms of Interface Cleaning in Heterostructures Made from Polymer‐Contaminated Graphene

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