Low technology systems for wastewater treatment: perspectives

Brissaud, F.

doi:10.2166/wst.2007.120

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Gray water is purified by the triple (physical, chemical and biological) synergy of the natural ecosystem (Zhang et al, 2012). Other advantages of CWs would be multi-purpose re-use of the high quality effluent, self-remediation and selfadaptation to the surrounding conditions and environment (Brissaud, 2007).…”

Section: Constructed Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As gray water from various sources are generally difficult to treat in a single-stage wetland system, hybrid wetland systems which consist of various types of natural systems staged in series have gained increasing interest in Europe (Vymazal, 2005). For example, to combine ponds and vertical flow CWs or to combine infiltration percolation and horizontal flow CWs have proven to be effective (Brissaud, 2007).…”

Section: Constructed Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Fan

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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a b s t r a c tWastewater often contains valuable resources (e.g. organic matter and nutrients). Different from conventional sanitation approaches, the ecological sanitation (Eco-San) system is based on the closure of material flow cycles to recover resources with minimized demands on other resources. The review comprehensively summarized the main components of the Eco-San system (user interface, collection and conveyance, storage and primary treatment, and reuse/disposal), the frequently-used evaluation methods, and the framework of evaluation index system. Some typical practical cases were discussed to demonstrate the managerial implications and popularize the applications of the Eco-San system. The results show that the Eco-San systems are beneficial to resource efficiency, agricultural use of the organic matters and nutrients, and energy recovery although some shortages exist (e.g. high cost, cultural constraints, and complex operation and management). The evaluation methods can help to identify the restriction factors, contributing factors and measures to improve the efficiency of the future Eco-San system. The setting, selection and quantification are three critical steps when using the evaluation indices to complete the evaluation process. This study not only provides the methods for both developing novel Eco-San systems (combinations of the components) and improving the Eco-San systems (evaluation of the combinations) to solve the wastewater problem in rural areas. Considering the challenges or limitations in the Eco-San research, the recommendations for future research may mainly focus on the combination of different components, methods for sustainability assessment, quantification of the evaluation index, and implementation of more real Eco-San cases.

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Section: Constructed Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constructed Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Fan

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…The dense settlements in a large city or area may need to install several DEWATS system within their region. DEWATS is widely used not only in developing countries, but it is also widely accepted in developed countries as well [10].The decentralized technology is best suited in receiving human excreta and wastes as potential resources and solving sanitation issues as close as possible to the source of generation [11].The major advantages of the DEWATS systems are as follows [12], [13]:…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Biogas Production Potential from Urban Wastewater in Nepal

Lohani¹,

Chhetri²,

Adhikari³

et al. 2013

IJESD

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Abstract-In this paper, we deal with biogas production potential from urban wastewater based on published information. The usual practice of the wastewater handling in urban cities of Nepal is either direct discharge into the rivers and streams or discharge into the septic tanks. In both cases adverse environmental impacts has perceived through directly polluting rivers and streams as well as releasing methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide to the atmosphere. In addition to that, the lost opportunity of biogas production along with potential carbon trading can be realized which also help to make the project economically and environmentally sustainable. An estimation of methane (CH 4 ) production and carbon emission reduction from urban wastewater are being done allowing wastewater treatment in an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). In this regard, average value of some pilot plant experimental results of efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal at ABR and UASB from various studies have been taken into consideration. The estimated biogas production potential from urban wastewater is about 22 million m 3 / year equivalent to 14.5MW th, at the same time the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission reduction potential is about 94,500 tons per year. An estimated revenue collection potential through fuel substitution is about 8 million USD per annum while additional benefits from GHG reduction and other improved condition of health, pollution and reuse of wastewater is significantly remarkable.Index Terms-Energy recovery, wastewater, anaerobic baffled reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, chemical oxygen demand.

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“…However, both lack of financial and technical resources in developing countries are major challenges for implementing wastewater treatment strategies, monitoring to identify insufficient treatment plants and hampering sustainable operation (Massoud et al 2009;Qadir et al 2010;Noyola et al 2012). The major issues affecting sustainable functioning of small-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in developing countries are inappropriate design or selection of technology (Bdour et al 2007;Brissaud 2007;Massoud et al 2009;Mara 2013), poor operation and maintenance (Singhirunnusorn and Stenstrom 2009;Noyola et al 2012), lack of technical expertise (Ujang and Buckley 2002;Noyola et al 2012) and lack of monitoring (Massoud et al 2009;Cossio et al 2017). Recognizing the complexity of the situation, the WHO has proposed an approach in which several risk management alternatives (conventional and non-conventional) are compared in terms of risk outcomes and feasibility of their implementation (WHO 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of treatment plant management on human health and ecological risks from wastewater irrigation in developing countries – case studies from Cochabamba, Bolivia

Cossio

Perez-Mercado

Norrman

et al. 2019

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Wastewater irrigation is a common practice in developing countries due to water scarcity and increasing demand for food production. However, there are health risks and ecological risks associated with this practice. Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) intend to decrease these risks but still face management challenges. This study assessed how the management status of five small-scale WWTPs in Cochabamba, Bolivia affects health risks associated with consumption of lettuce and ecological risks due to the accumulation of nutrients in the soil for lettuce and maize crops. Risk simulations for three wastewater irrigation scenarios were: raw wastewater, actual effluent and expected effluent. Results showed that weak O&M practices can increase risk outcomes to higher levels than irrigating with raw wastewater. Improving O&M to achieve optimal functioning of small-scale WWTPs can reduce human health risks and ecological risks up to 2 log 10 DALY person −1 year −1 and to 2 log 10 kg nitrogen ha −1 accumulated in soil, respectively. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Low technology systems for wastewater treatment: perspectives

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Sustainable Biogas Production Potential from Urban Wastewater in Nepal

Impact of treatment plant management on human health and ecological risks from wastewater irrigation in developing countries – case studies from Cochabamba, Bolivia

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