Low strength and COD/N wastewater treatment via controlled nitrification by a membrane aerated biofilm, partial denitrification by activated sludge, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation by granular sludge

Abstract

A hybrid process of controlled nitrification by membrane aerated biofilm (MAB), partial denitrification (PD) by activated sludge, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) by granular sludge was proposed for synthetic low...

Exploring denitrification and anammox processes in the saturated zone of passively operated vegetated biofiltration systems

“…Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which can achieve direct and immediate conversion of NH 4 -N and nitrite (NO 2 -N) into nitrogen gas, has been found as an important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle. 27 However, anammox bacteria are very sensitive to environmental conditions and work well only under certain conditions, 28,29 e.g., compositions of nitrogen species (NH 4 -N/NO 2 -N = 1/1.3), temperature range (25-35 °C), and oxygen levels (<1 mg L −1 ). 30 Thus, it is often used in highly controlled wastewater treatment bioreactors (achieving >85% removal of TN 31 ), and seldom in wastewater and leachate treating constructed wetlands (50-80% TN removal 32 ).…”