Low Serum Potassium Levels and Clinical Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis—International Results from PDOPPS

Abstract

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Degree and duration of hypokalemia associated with peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

“…It has been reported that hypokalemia tightly correlates with peritonitis, 4,15,16,18 we next analysed the relationships of peritonitis with LK and SLK. During a total of 17,840 months of PD vintages in 602 patients, 153 patients occurred peritonitis with 230 episodes.…”

“…A large number of studies have shown the relationships between hypokalemia and some serious clinical complications, including malnutrition, 26 arrhythmia, 11 cardiac arrest, 12 and overall mortality, 3,13 as well as peritonitis. 4,16,18 When the SK level decreased to less than 3.5mEq/L, the incidence of peritonitis greatly increased, with an HR of 1.15-1.56. 18,24 While, to our knowledge, there were few reports about the relationship of peritonitis and serious hypokalemia (SK level <3.0 mEq/L).…”

“…4,16,18 When the SK level decreased to less than 3.5mEq/L, the incidence of peritonitis greatly increased, with an HR of 1.15-1.56. 18,24 While, to our knowledge, there were few reports about the relationship of peritonitis and serious hypokalemia (SK level <3.0 mEq/L). In our study, the overall peritonitis rate in our centre was 0.15 episodes per year, which conforms to ISPD recommendation.…”

“…3,13 Moreover, hypokalemia was reported to be associated with peritonitis through trans-mural migration of enteric organisms, especially when combined with malnutrition. 4,14 Even though many studies have clarified the tight association of hypokalemia with peritonitis during the recent 20 years, 4,[15][16][17][18] most studies were cross-sectional and observational studies, few studies have focused on the dynamic changes in serum potassium (SK), the degree and duration of hypokalemia have not been well established. Furthermore, when PD patients suffered from peritonitis, hypokalemia might be a caused complication because of even more decreased diet intake, increased gastrointestinal excretion, and increased peritoneal permeability of solute.…”

“…we next analysed their time association in detail. As shown in Table5, the median LK and SLK occurred time were 3 (3-9) and 9(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) months after dialysis, and the median duration were 6 (3-12) and 6 (3-6) months, respectively. About 141 (44.1%) patients suffered from LK and 37 (30.1%) from SLK in the 3rd month after Flow chart of patient selection into the study cohort.…”