Low Serum Magnesium Levels and Its Association with High Blood Pressure in Children

Guerrero‐Romero, Fernando; Rodrı́guez-Morán, Martha; Hernández-Ronquillo, Gabriela; Gómez-Díaz, Rita A.; Pizano-Zárate, María Luisa; Wacher, Niels H.; Mondragón-González, Rafael; Simental‐Mendía, Luis E.; Salinas-Martı́nez, Ana Marı́a; Villaseñor, Andrea Socorro Álvarez; García, Anel Gómez; Carranza, Antonio Pineda; Pérez, Brian González; Medina-Escobedo, Carolina; Colunga-Rodríguez, Cecilia; Campos, Celsa López; Morales, Cruz Mónica López; Gutiérrez, Eduardo Almeida; Magaña, Eulalia Piedad Garrido; Ayala, F; Salazar, Francisco González; Sanchez, Guillermo C.; Lourdes, Gabriela Escudero; Bustamante, Gloria Patricia Sosa; Vivanco, Guadalupe Ruíz; Rosas-Vargas, Haydeé; Nuncio, Héctor Rafael Sánchez; Salas, Irma Isordia; Cisneros, Jesus Nares; Peralta‐Romero, Jesús; Sierra, José Ramón Paniagua; Garza, Laura Hermila de la; Charles, Ma. Guadalupe Ruíz; Mazón, Marco Antonio León; Alarcón, Mardia López; Figueroa, María de Socorro Romero; Acosta, María Elena Haro; Meguro, Maria Elena Y. Furuya; Plata, María Eugenia Galván; Báez, María Valeria Jiménez; Rodríguez, Martha I. Dávila; Villasís-Keever, Miguel Ángel; López, Miguel Cruz; M, Orea; Hernández, Norma Alicia Sánchez; Herrera, Ricardo Jorge Hernández; Fuentes, Ricardo Pérez; Flores, Ricardo Salas; Cortés, Rosa Ortega; Lazcano, Sonia Clark

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.050

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Rinner et al found no relationship between serum magnesium and blood pressure [54]. But Guerrero-Romero et al conducted a study using healthy Mexican children and found that serum magnesium level <1.8 mg/dL was significantly associated with prehypertension and hypertension [55]. Compared with dietary magnesium, serum magnesium may affect blood pressure more directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Han

Fang

Wei³

et al. 2017

Nutr J

120

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BackgroundThe findings of prospective cohort studies are inconsistent regarding the association between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentration and the risk of hypertension. We aimed to review the evidence from prospective cohort studies and perform a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations and the risk of hypertension.MethodsWe searched systematically PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases from October 1951 through June 2016. Prospective cohort studies reporting effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension in more than two categories of dietary magnesium intake and/or serum magnesium concentrations were included. Random-effects models were used to combine the estimated effects.ResultsNine articles (six on dietary magnesium intake, two on serum magnesium concentration and one on both) of ten cohort studies, including 20,119 cases of hypertension and 180,566 participates, were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We found an inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension [relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98] comparing the highest intake group with the lowest. A 100 mg/day increment in magnesium intake was associated with a 5% reduction in the risk of hypertension (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.00). The association of serum magnesium concentration with the risk of hypertension was marginally significant (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.02).ConclusionsCurrent evidence supports the inverse dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of hypertension. However, the evidence about the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and hypertension is limited.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-017-0247-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Han

Fang

Wei³

et al. 2017

Nutr J

120

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“…31 Supporting these data, Guerrero-Romero et al observed in a cross-sectional study of otherwise healthy Mexican children (n ¼ 3954) that serum magnesium levels ,1.8 mg/dL were associated with prehypertension and hypertension, defined as blood pressures exceeding the age range-specific 95th percentile. 32 The importance of maintaining magnesium levels in hypertensive patients who are often diabetic should not be forgotten. Consequently, the use of potassiumsparing diuretics that also prevent diuretic-induced magnesuria should increase, especially since hypokalemia increases blood pressure modestly, even in normotensive individuals.…”

Section: Magnesium In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium: An Important Orphan

Yee

2018

Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease

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“…A cross-sectional study of high relevance by GuerreroRomero et al [64] evaluated the association between of pre-hypertension and hypertension with serum Mg in healthy Mexican children. The study population was divided into two groups (n = 3954) aged 6 to 10 years and 11 to 15 years.…”

Section: Mg and Obesity Diabetes And Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Romero

Lima

Colli

2017

Nutrire

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Magnesium (Mg), an essential ion for the human body, is involved in various enzymatic reactions, particularly those related to energy transfer, storage, and transport. Longitudinal studies show that hypomagnesaemia (Mg serum concentration <0.75 mmol/L) and Mg dietary inadequacy (daily intake < EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) for age/gender) are conditions related to metabolic disorders of the immune and cardiovascular system and often occur in obese and diabetic individuals. Poor eating habits, reduced Mg content in food and water are the main causes of the decrease in Mg intake by the general population. In clinical practice, the serum concentration of this mineral is the most widely used marker for diagnosing deficiency. However, the serum concentration does not reflect the nutritional Mg status since it can be maintained by mobilization of body storage, mainly the bone. Thus, the use of serum concentration as the only routine biomarker of Mg status may hinder the diagnosis of Mg deficiency. In clinical and experimental research, different methods for Mg status assessment are proposed (plasma, erythrocyte, urine), but they are seldom used in clinical routine. In some countries (such as USA and Brazil) the average daily Mg dietary ingestion of more than 60% of the adult population is lower than the Estimated Average Requirement for age and gender, and these data are not too different for individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. It is unclear whether it is an actual reduction of Mg consumption or if the recommendations are overestimated. If we assume that the recommendations are correct, the question is if this condition constitutes a risk factor for chronic diseases or the hypomagnesemia described in some diseases is a consequence of physiopathological changes. This review has the latest information of human and animal studies about Mg status evaluated from plasma, erythrocyte and urine, dietary inadequacy, and its relation to inflammation and to components of metabolic syndrome.

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Low Serum Magnesium Levels and Its Association with High Blood Pressure in Children

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Magnesium: An Important Orphan

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

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