Low serum interleukin-6 levels as a predictive marker of recurrence in patients with hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative treatment

Cho, Hyo Jung; Kim, Soon Sun; Ahn, Sung Jun; Park, Sun Young; Park, Joo Han; Kim, Jae Keun; Wang, Hee Jung; Cheong, Jae Youn; Cho, Sung Won

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.027

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which plays a role in hematopoiesis, regeneration, and the progression and development of cancer [ 76 ]. The association between IL-6 and viral infection was partially revealed in published studies [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. For example, in virus infections, the expression of IL-6 in follicular B cells of the draining lymph node induces the production of critical cytokines such as IL-21; this is a necessary early event during the antiviral response [ 81 ].…”

Section: Il-32 Crosstalk With Cytokines In the Host’s Antiviral Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Important Role of the IL-32 Inflammatory Network in the Host Response against Viral Infection

Zhou

Zhu

2015

Viruses

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The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-32 has gained much attention recently because of its important role in the inflammatory network. Since the discovery of IL-32 in 2005, our appreciation for its diverse roles continues to grow. Recent studies have discovered the antiviral effects induced by IL-32 and its associated regulatory mechanisms. The interactions between IL-32 and various cytokines including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interferon (IFN)-λ1, interleukin (IL)-6, and soluble IL-6 receptor have been described. This review aims to integrate these new findings into explicit concepts and raises the intriguing possibility of IL-32 as a therapeutic target.

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Section: Il-32 Crosstalk With Cytokines In the Host’s Antiviral Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Important Role of the IL-32 Inflammatory Network in the Host Response against Viral Infection

Zhou

Zhu

2015

Viruses

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“…It has been found that IL6 levels and receptor expression were raised in a number of cancers, including HCC, where it may contribute to tumor progression [74] . Recently, in a study carried out to investigate the use of novel serum biomarkers for predicting the recurrence and survival of patients with HBV-related HCC, low serum IL-6 level, low platelet count, and low serum albumin level were found to be independent prognostic factors for diseasefree survival in these patients [75] . IL37, a recently recognized anti-inflammatory cytokine has been shown to suppress cells of the innate immune system [76] .…”

Section: Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Sachdeva

Chawla

Arora

2015

WJH

100

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells (e.g. , dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC.

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“…High pretreatment plasma IL‐6 levels were associated with a poor prognosis of patients with advanced HCC . In patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related early HCC who underwent hepatic resection or radiofrequency ablation with curative intention, a low serum IL‐6 level was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival . Moreover, elevated serum levels of IL‐6 were significantly associated with an increased risk of HBV‐associated HCC recurrence, suggesting that the preoperative IL‐6 serum level is a potential biomarker for early prediction of HBV‐associated HCC recurrence .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postintervention Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Level, Rather than the Pretreatment or Dynamic Changes of IL-6, as an Early Practical Marker of Tumor Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization

Fan

Xue

et al. 2019

The Oncologist

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Background. The aim of this study was to determine the potential prognostic roles of the perioperative interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and its dynamic changes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods. Sixty patients with hepatitis B virus-associated HCC receiving TACE were enrolled in the study. Serum IL-6 levels were determined at baseline and 1 day after TACE by immunoassay. Response to TACE was evaluated after a 4-6-week interval. Factors associated with tumor response were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis in a Cox regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive performance of the included variables on tumor response in patients with HCC undergoing TACE. Results. The serum IL-6 level was significantly elevated 1 day after TACE. Patients in the low postintervention IL-6 level group had a high probability of achieving an objective response (OR) (66.7% vs. 18.8%, p = .021). Post-TACE IL-6 level (≤12.7 pg/mL) and post-/pre-TACE neutrophils ratio (>2.47) were independently correlated with OR after TACE. ROC curve analysis showed that a combined index based on those two factors exhibited optimal predictive power of tumor response among all the included variables (area under the curve = 0.740, 95% confidence interval: 0.601-0.879). Additionally, high post-TACE plasma IL-6 level was associated with maximum tumor size, vascular invasion, post-TACE aspartate aminotransferase, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. Conclusion. Our study suggests that the post-treatment serum IL-6 level, rather than pretreatment or dynamic changes of IL-6, serves as a powerful predictor for tumor response. These findings provide evidence to help discriminate between patients who will particularly benefit from TACE and those who require more personalized therapeutic regimens and rigorous surveillance. The Oncologist 2019;24:e1489-e1495 Implications for Practice: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a major therapeutic regimen for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, identification of early practical markers of tumor response to TACE is of high importance. This study indicated that the post-treatment serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, rather than the pretreatment or dynamic changes of IL-6, serves as a powerful predictor for tumor response. A combined index based on the post-TACE IL-6 level and post-/pre-TACE neutrophils ratio is optimal for predetermining an objective response after TACE, which may be helpful in guiding individualized treatments and surveillance.

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Low serum interleukin-6 levels as a predictive marker of recurrence in patients with hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Important Role of the IL-32 Inflammatory Network in the Host Response against Viral Infection

Important Role of the IL-32 Inflammatory Network in the Host Response against Viral Infection

Immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Postintervention Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Level, Rather than the Pretreatment or Dynamic Changes of IL-6, as an Early Practical Marker of Tumor Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization

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