Low serum apolipoprotein A-I level in patients with vasospastic angina

Shirai, Kohji; Nii, Takenobu; Imamura, Mitsuhide; Kawano, Teruaki; Mori, Thukasa; Nakashima, Yoshiyuki; Sasaki, Jun; Arakawa, Kikuo

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(93)90006-u

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Only six stated categorically that the subjects were only Caucasian (14,40,57,58,60,78,79). Three reported results in both Caucasian and black African Americans without distinction (18,19,81); three gave data on blacks and Caucasians separately (84)(85)(86); one reported on a large cohort of Caucasians, blacks, and Hispanic individuals (58); one reported on black Africans; two described values for restricted ethnic groups (42,44,83,87); and seven reported on Asians (28,29,43,63,65,75,77). The remaining 58 did not provide racial composition of their study subjects.…”

Section: Ethnic Group-specific Reference Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and B/AI ratios: comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature

Ritchie

Palomaki

Neveux

et al. 2006

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Limiting the clinical utility of apolipoproteins AI (apo AI) and B (apo B) and the apo B/AI ratios until the last decade has been the lack of satisfactory methods for quantifying serum levels and credible reference materials. Great technological strides have been made in the last few years. The remaining barrier to more relevant and cost-effective use of serum protein data for diagnosis and prognosis has been the availability of widely recognized reliable reference intervals from birth to old age for both males and females. A total of 82 publications reporting reference intervals have been identified that meet most of the same inclusion criteria used in our prior six studies. These have been analyzed statistically and compared to similar studies, i.e., sufficient number, listed subject criteria, method, and reference material, in general terms. Published smaller studies with constrained age ranges, agree on average with our large series of life-long reference intervals that range from less than one year to over 80 years. This study was performed to assess the degree of agreement between smaller reference interval studies to our large population analysis. This meta-analysis provides support and reassurance that many of the smaller reference intervals published previously fall within reasonable limits of out large population.

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Section: Ethnic Group-specific Reference Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and B/AI ratios: comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature

Ritchie

Palomaki

Neveux

et al. 2006

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Koronarer Spasmus — Ein klinisch relevantes Problem?

Auch-Schwelk

1998

Herz

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Coronary spasms are defined as reversible coronary stenosis, which limits coronary blood flow under resting conditions. The demonstration of either spontaneous or provoked coronary spasm proves coronary hypercontractility and thus the diagnosis of variant angina. Several stimuli can provoke coronary vasospasm, but the highest sensitivity and specificity has been shown with ergonovine. Alternatively acetylcholine or with less sensitivity, but high specificity, hyperventilation may be employed. Typically coronary vasospasm presents with angina pectoris at rest; the manifestation with myocardial infarction or syncope are of great clinical importance. The prevalence of the disease is unknown due to the rarely performed provocation tests in Western countries. The incidence of positive test results strongly depends on the symptoms of the patients; from 0% in patients without any evidence for myocardial ischemia up to 54% in patients with typical angina at rest have been observed. Coronary vasospasm is closely related to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, since intravascular ultrasound studies reveal atherosclerotic plaques in almost any spastic segment. Risk factors for coronary artery disease and coronary vasospasm, however, differ profoundly. For the latter cigarette smoking is the only established risk factor. Although several candidates and predisposing factors (serotonin, histamine, thromboxane, endothelin) have been described, the mediators and the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown. Endothelial dysfunction alone is not sufficient to explain the features of variant angina. Some evidence supports the hypothesis of local inflammation. The mortality in variant angina depends on the extent of the coronary artery disease. Pure coronary vasospasm does not lead to increased mortality; patients with highly active disease presenting with syncope may have an increased risk. Medical treatment should include long-acting calcium antagonists or nitrates, beta-blockers may even favor the occurrence of ischemic attacks. Although the benefit has not been proven, the use of aspirin may considered in highly active disease.

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High-density lipoprotein particles are large in patients with variant angina

Miwa

1998

Cardiovascular Research

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Objective: Dyslipidemia in patients with coronary vasospasm may be characterized by low level of high-density lipoprotein Ž . Ž . HDL -cholesterol as well as apolipoprotein apo A-I but not high level of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. This study sought to examine the HDL particle size in patients with variant angina. Methods: The HDL particle size was examined by analyzing serum lipid levels in 38 patients with variant angina to compare with those of 40 control subjects and 30 normocholesterolemic patients with stable effort angina. Also, actual HDL size distribution was assessed by electrophoresis. Results: The HDL-cholesterol, apoA-I and apoA-II Ž . levels were all lower P -0.01 for each in patients with variant angina and patients with stable effort angina as compared with control Ž . subjects. The apoA-II level was lower P -0.01 in patients with variant angina than in patients with stable effort angina. The Ž . apoA-IrapoA-II ratio was lower P -0.01 in patients with stable effort angina, but not in patients with variant angina as compared with control subjects. In contrast, the HDL-cholesterolrapoA-I ratio was higher in patients with variant angina than in control subjects Ž . Ž . P -0.01 and also patients with stable effort angina P -0.01 . The slope of the regression line, comparing HDL-cholesterol and Ž . apoA-I levels, was greater in patients with variant angina than in control subjects P -0.05 and patients with stable effort angina Ž . P -0.05 , suggesting an increase in larger HDL particles. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that HDL particles in Ž . patients with variant angina were skewed towards larger sizes compared with control subjects P -0.01 and patients with stable effort Ž . angina P -0.01 . The abnormal serum lipid values were normalized in the patients with variant angina after the medical treatment and inactivation of the coronary spasm. Conclusion: High HDL-cholesterolrapoA-I levels associated with low serum HDL-cholesterol and apoA-I levels were characteristic in patients with variant angina, in whom HDL particles were large, cholesterol-rich and possibly malfunctioning. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

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Low serum apolipoprotein A-I level in patients with vasospastic angina

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and B/AI ratios: comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature

Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and B/AI ratios: comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature

Koronarer Spasmus — Ein klinisch relevantes Problem?

High-density lipoprotein particles are large in patients with variant angina

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