Low serum adiponectin concentrations are associated with insulin sensitivity independent of obesity in Sudanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

AimsPrevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among Sudanese population was found to be 3.4% and associated with high rates of complications and obesity. Different adipocytokines are secreted from adipose tissues, among them adiponectin, which was shown to have insulins ensitizing properties and anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic effect. The aim of this study was to characterize type 2 diabetes in Sudanese diabetic subjects and controls in respect to hormones influencing or influenced by glucose metabolism.Methods104 type 2 diabetic patients (45 men and 59 women), and 75 matched control subjects (34 men and 41 women) were studied. Fasting serum samples were used to measure adiponectin, leptin, insulin, proinsulin, ghrelin and glucose. Body mass index, insulin/proinsulin ratio and (HOMA) insulin resistance and beta cell function were also calculated.ResultsAdiponectin serum concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with controls subjects (P = 0.002), comparison between males and females did not reach significant levels in both diabetic (P = 0.06) or controls (P = 0.16) groups. In the diabetic group adiponectin correlated positively with serum glucose, negatively with serum proinsulin and HOMA beta cell function (P = 0.03) respectively and serum ghrelin (P = 0.003), but not with BMI, HOMA insulin resistance, insulin or leptin. In controls serum adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI (P = 0.002) but not with other variables.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that, adiponectin concentrations independent on BMI as a measure of adiposity, were mostly linked to insulin sensitivity and not to insulin resistance in Sudanese type 2 diabetic subjects, where race specific regulation mechanisms or different type 2 diabetes phenotype suggested being a major contributory factor in clarification the findings of this study.

Association of Insulin Resistance with Adipocytokine Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

“…The seemingly paradoxical finding that there exists no correlation between IR and adiponectin levels might be attributed to the fact that in the context of this study, adiponectin levels per se correlate with the number and size of adipocytes (or the degree of adiposity) rather than with IR. This is documented by similar studies elsewhere, which also reported non-significant or casual associations of IR with adiponectin levels in MetS patients [26,27].…”

The Association between Resistin, Leptin and Adiponectin with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Because of its larger mass and greater secretion rate, even small reductions in adiponectin production by SAT have the potential to significantly lower circulating levels of adiponectin. These results were supported by [32,41,45,46] .…”

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15 (ARL15) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korean Chinese population in Yanbian, China

“…ARL15 is widely expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues such as fat, liver, and especially in skeletal muscles, which are the primary insulinmediated and glucose-storing sites [12]. Similarly with previous researches, we found HDL-C and PA in type 2 diabetics were lower than that in normal individuals [13][14][15][16]. This study also showed that in Yanbian Korean Chinese population, a subject with genotype GG for SNP rs26770 in ARL15 would manifest higher risk for T2D development with conspicuous traits of recessive inheritance.…”