Low seroprevalence of systemic cysticercosis among patients with epilepsy in Kerala – South India

Cherian, Ajith; Syam, U.K.; Sreevidya, D.; Jayaraman, T.; Oommen, Anna; Rajshekhar, Vedantam; Radhakrishnan, Kurupath; Thomas, Sanjeev V

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2013.08.005

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Similar to the studies in western Sichuan (China) [ 32 ], Mbeya (Tanzania) [ 26 ] and northern India [ 33 ], routine open defaecation, utilisation of unsafe water sources and consumption of raw vegetables significantly increased the risk of cysticercosis in Dak Lak. However, Cherian et al (2014) [ 34 ] reported that these factors were not contributive in individuals who had epilepsy in Kerala, India. Research on the epidemiological characteristics of human T. solium cysticercosis in Nigeria [ 35 ], Tanzania [ 36 ], and Guatemala [ 37 ] found that gender and age [ 38 ] were associated with cysticercosis seropositivity, in which the female gender and increased age were significantly linked to the prevalence of T. solium .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

et al. 2018

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BackgroundVietnam is endemic for taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis. Despite this, information on the epidemiological characteristics of the diseases in the Central Highlands of Vietnam are poorly described. The aims of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis (Taenia spp.) and T. solium cysticerci exposure in humans in Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands, Vietnam.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out in six villages in three districts of Dak Lak. A total of 190 households were visited. From each household, between one and five individuals were asked to donate a single faecal and blood sample and respond to a questionnaire. Serum samples were subjected to lentil lectin purified glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay to detect antibodies against T. solium cysticerci. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect Taenia spp. infection in faecal samples. A fixed-effects logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with the probability of Taenia spp. infection or T. solium cysticerci exposure risk. The contribution of each of identified factor was quantified using population attributable fractions.ResultsThe prevalence of seroexposure to T. solium in Dak Lak was 5% (95% CI 3% to 8%). Consumption of raw vegetables, sourcing drinking water from lakes, streams or ponds and the practice of outdoor defaecation were identified as primary risk factors for the prevalence of T. solium cysticerci exposure, while consuming undercooked pork and beef, pork tongue and observing Taenia proglottids in stool were associated with Taenia spp. infection. Consumption of raw vegetables attributed to 74% of T. solium cysticerci exposure-positive cases and consumption of undercooked beef attributed to 77% of taeniasis cases in these communities.ConclusionsThe prevalence of T. solium seroexposure in Dak Lak is consistent with those reported in other regions of Vietnam. The identified risk factors associated with the prevalence of T. solium seroexposure and taeniasis infection in Dak Lak are modifiable and thus advocate for targeted community intervention programs to mitigating these risks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3434-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

et al. 2018

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“…[ 113 ] Even though, NCC was reported in nearly one-third of all cases of acute epilepsy in both the urban and rural areas of Vellore, low seroprevalence of systemic cysticercosis was reported among PWE in Kerala. [ 68 114 ] Koul et al ., have attributed relative lack of cysticeral infection in the local community as possible reason for their observed low prevalence of epilepsy. [ 53 ] Altogether, nearly one-third of epilepsy were associated with NCC and the cost estimated for treating all the prevalent cases of SCG was to the tune of INR 1.184 billion in 2007.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Correlates (Education Occupation and Income)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epilepsy in India I: Epidemiology and public health

Amudhan¹,

Gururaj²,

Satishchandra³

2015

Ann Indian Acad Neurol

115

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Of the 70 million persons with epilepsy (PWE) worldwide, nearly 12 million PWE are expected to reside in India; which contributes to nearly one-sixth of the global burden. This paper (first of the two part series) provides an in-depth understanding of the epidemiological aspects of epilepsy in India for developing effective public health prevention and control programs. The overall prevalence (3.0-11.9 per 1,000 population) and incidence (0.2-0.6 per 1,000 population per year) data from recent studies in India on general population are comparable to the rates of high-income countries (HICs) despite marked variations in population characteristics and study methodologies. There is a differential distribution of epilepsy among various sociodemographic and economic groups with higher rates reported for the male gender, rural population, and low socioeconomic status. A changing pattern in the age-specific occurrence of epilepsy with preponderance towards the older age group is noticed due to sociodemographic and epidemiological transition. Neuroinfections, neurocysticercosis (NCC), and neurotrauma along with birth injuries have emerged as major risk factors for secondary epilepsy. Despite its varied etiology (unknown and known), majority of the epilepsy are manageable in nature. This paper emphasizes the need for focused and targeted programs based on a life-course perspective and calls for a stronger public health approach based on equity for prevention, control, and management of epilepsy in India.

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“…However, what's interesting is the existed cases of neurocysticercosis in several communities with religious practices that support no neurocysticercosis. In a recent report, "diet (vegetarian vs. non-vegetarian and consumption of raw vegetables)" has no "any association with seropositivity (2)." Therefore, neurocysticercsosis should still be a differential diagnosis of a space-occupying lesion in any community regardless the religious background.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis - Islam and Other Religions

Joob

Wiwanitkit

2016

Arch Neurosci

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Low seroprevalence of systemic cysticercosis among patients with epilepsy in Kerala – South India

Abstract: Among the residents of Kerala, most epilepsy is not related to cysticercosis.

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Epilepsy in India I: Epidemiology and public health

Neurocysticercosis - Islam and Other Religions

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