Low school belongingness and non-prescription opioid use among students in Ontario, Canada

Intersecting sex and American Indian identity moderates school and individual correlates of binge drinking among reservation-area adolescents.

“…Social learning and control theories propose that strong school bonds mitigate substance use by reinforcing prosocial norm adherence (Chapman et al, 2013). Accordingly, myriad studies have found adolescents who cultivate strong school bonds have a lower substance use risk than their less bonded peers (Syed et al, 2021). The protective effect of school bonding has emerged reliably across various demographics, including AI youth (Andreescu, 2019).…”