Low SAR Ferrite Handset Antenna Design

Enhancing robustness of handset antennas to finger loading effects

“…These papers describe a handset antenna incorporating a balanced feed network that shows substantial immunity to the usual ground-plane effects. In addition to the hand effect, the reduction of SAR values is also of great interest [3,4].One of the most critical situations when holding a phone is the finger loading effect, which may detune the antenna and thus cause poor performance. Since the hand will always cover total or partially part of the ground plane, it is interesting to analyse the effect of the finger when placed close to the radiating element and, moreover, ways to mitigate its influence over the antenna.…”

“…These papers describe a handset antenna incorporating a balanced feed network that shows substantial immunity to the usual ground-plane effects. In addition to the hand effect, the reduction of SAR values is also of great interest [3,4].…”

Monopole antenna with metamaterials to reduce the exposure

“…Other methods are focused on using an electromagnetic shield, between the antenna and the user [2]. Another technique is to suppress the current flowing in the handset box by using a ferrite sheet attached to the antenna [3]. Despite the good performance of these techniques, these are expensive and require complex manufacturing.…”

Capacitive coupling of discrete micro-sized gaps for radiofrequency applications

“…The authors in [7] hypothesised that further performance improvements could be obtained by introducing a smooth variation in the dielectric properties. Previously, it has been shown that if an as yet unrealisable substrate with equality of permittivity and permeability and low losses could be fabricated, then a small size, highefficiency and high bandwidth antenna could be designed [8]. This research will work towards enabling such structures.…”