Low risk of concussions in top-level karate competition

Arriaza, Rafael; Čierna, Dušana; Regueiro, Patricia Digón; Inman, David; Roman, F.; Abarca, Benjamin; Barrientos, M.J.; Saavedra, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096574

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A report gathering data from four consecutive World Championships revealed that junior elite karate athletes had lower total injury rates compared with elite adult athletes. In contrast to senior karate athletes,39 youth athletes have been seen with a relatively large proportion of head injuries compared with the trunk, hip/pelvis and lower limbs 40. However, no head injuries among karate athletes were recorded in the BA YOG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How do the new Olympic sports compare with the traditional Olympic sports? Injury and illness at the 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo describe injuries and illnesses across traditional and new sports among the participating athletes of the Buenos Aires 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games (BA YOG) (6–18 October 2018).MethodsWe recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues manned by the BA YOG 2018 medical staff.ResultsIn total, 3.984 athletes from 206 NOCs were observed. NOCs and BA YOG 2018 medical staff reported 619 injuries and 334 illnesses, equalling 15.5 injuries and 8.4 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 13-day period. The eight new sports on the Youth Olympic programme (futsal, beach handball, karate, roller speed skating, kitesurfing, BMX freestyle, climbing and break dancing) fell in between the other sports with respect to injury and illness risk. Injury incidence was highest in rugby (43% of all rugby players), followed by boxing (33%) and badminton (24%), and lowest in swimming, archery, roller speed skating, equestrian, climbing and rowing (<5%). The highest incidences of illness were recorded in golf (20%), followed by triathlon (16%), beach volleyball and diving (both 14%). Of the illnesses, 50% affected the respiratory system and 15% the gastrointestinal system. Injury and illness incidences varied between continents with athletes representing Europe having significantly fewer injuries and illnesses compared with other continents, apart from a similar illness incidence to Asian athletes.ConclusionThe overall injury incidence of 15.5 injuries per 100 athletes was higher, while the overall illness incidence of 8.4 illnesses per 100 athletes was similar to previous youth and Olympic Games. The new sports did not differ significantly compared with the other sports with respect to injury and illness risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How do the new Olympic sports compare with the traditional Olympic sports? Injury and illness at the 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2019

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“…Research has illustrated that concussions in karate can occur once every 1156 matches or 0.43/1000 participants, 75 whereas a study completed by Koh et al 76 concluded that boxing possesses the highest frequency of concussions compared with other contact sports. The results in this review support these claims because the data accumulated illustrates that boxing contains a significantly higher risk of sustaining a concussion compared with other combat sports (OR: 0.253 vs 0.065, P < 0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating Head Trauma in Boxing

Donnelly,

Ugbolue,

Gao

et al. 2023

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Objectives: Although physical trauma has been reported in boxing since its inception, boxing still appeals to athletes and spectators. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess both acute and chronic neurological and neuropsychological effects that boxing has on the brain. Further assessments in terms of comparisons of the concussion ratio in boxing to other combat sports, as well as the efficiency of wearing headguards, are also performed. Data Sources: This systematic review and meta-analysis used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The outcomes incorporated included physical chronic abnormalities of the brain, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders sustained in amateur or professional boxing, in addition to the safety benefits of boxing headguards. Odds ratios, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics are also reported. Main Results: From the 84 articles reviewed, the 35 included articles suggested that boxers have a significantly elevated risk of sustaining a concussion compared with other combat sports (risk ratio [RR]: 0.253 vs RR: 0.065, P < 0.001). From the 631 amateur and professional boxers analyzed, 147 (23.30%) had cavum septum pellucidum, whereas 125 of 411 amateur and professional boxers (30.41%) presented with some form of brain atrophy. Dementia or amnesia was observed in 46 of 71 boxers (61.79%), 36 of 70 (51.43%) had various forms and severities of cognitive disorders, and 57 of 109 (52.29%) displayed abnormal computed tomography or electroencephalogram scan results. Utilization of headguards significantly increased the risk for stoppages in amateur bouts, compared with boxers not wearing a headguard (OR: 1.75 vs 0.53, P < 0.050). Conclusions: Boxing is a hazardous sport that has the potential to have fatal and negative life-changing results. Because of the limited reliable data regarding the efficiency of boxing headguards, future research should focus on the overall significance that headguards may have for reducing head trauma.

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“…Injury data were recorded on-site by trained medical personnel using a simple check-off injury-reporting form, which was adapted from a form that had been used previously at the WKF World Karate Championships. 2 –4,8 Collected data included sex, age, weight category, injured body part, type of injury, and injury severity (non–time-loss or time-loss). For each tatami (competition area), there was 1 doctor plus 1 assistant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Loss Injuries in Karate: A Prospective Cohort Study of 4 Consecutive World Karate Championships

Augustovičová

Lystad

Arriaza

2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Prospective studies on injuries in martial arts competitions are scarce, especially those involving time-loss injuries. The upsurge of karate athletes competing in top-level karate competitions warrants elucidation of the time-loss injury risk. Purpose: To determine the time-loss injury proportion and incidence rate, describe the injury pattern among elite senior karate athletes, and compare the risk of time-loss injuries in male versus female athletes and in individual (ie, weight categories) versus team competitions (free-weight category). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data were collected at 4 consecutive World Karate Championships (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016). Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIRAE) and per 1000 minutes of exposure (IIRME), with 95% CIs. Subgroups were compared by calculating their rate ratios with 95% CIs. Results: A total of 506 injuries were recorded, of which 51 were time-loss injuries (10%). The overall time-loss injury rate was significantly lower for female versus male athletes and slightly lower for team versus individual competitions. Overall, 1.4% of all athletes sustained a time-loss injury, and the IIRAE and IIRME were 5.13 (95% CI, 3.82-6.74) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.47-2.60), respectively. The most common type of time-loss injury was fracture (41%), followed by dislocation (20%) and concussion (12%). Conclusion: The time-loss injury incidence rate for top-level karate competitions found in this prospective study was relatively low. Comprehensive knowledge about the incidence of time-loss injuries during karate competitions represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of a uniform injury surveillance system in martial arts is of utmost importance.

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Low risk of concussions in top-level karate competition

Abstract: The risk of concussions in top-level karate competition is low, with a tendency for an increased risk for men and for competition without weight limits, but not statistically significant with respect to women or individual competition.

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

How do the new Olympic sports compare with the traditional Olympic sports? Injury and illness at the 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina

How do the new Olympic sports compare with the traditional Olympic sports? Injury and illness at the 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating Head Trauma in Boxing

Time-Loss Injuries in Karate: A Prospective Cohort Study of 4 Consecutive World Karate Championships

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