Low-risk Drinking Guidelines: The Scientific Evidence

Bondy, Susan J.; Rehm, Jürgen; Ashley, Mary Jane; Walsh, Gordon; Single, Eric; Room, Robin

doi:10.1007/bf03404129

Cited by 121 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Fourteen units of alcohol per week for males and nine units for females were considered the upper limit of acceptable weekly intake. 14 Three self-report questionnaires pertaining to PTSD, depression and psychological distress were included. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Witnessing images of extreme violence: a psychological study of journalists in the newsroom

2014

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ObjectiveUser Generated Content – photos and videos submitted to newsrooms by the public – has become a prominent source of information for news organisations. Journalists working with uncensored material can frequently witness disturbing images for prolonged periods. How this might affect their psychological health is not known and it is the focus of this study.DesignDescriptive, exploratory.SettingThe newsrooms of three international news organisations.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixteen journalists working with User Generated Content material.Main outcome measuresPsychometric data included the re-experiencing, avoidance and autonomic arousal indices of posttraumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale-revised), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II), a measure of psychological distress (GHQ-28), the latter comprising four subscales measuring somatisation, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression, and mean weekly alcohol consumption divided according to gender.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that frequent (i.e. daily) exposure to violent images independently predicted higher scores on all indices of the Impact of Event Scale-revised, the BDI-II and the somatic and anxiety subscales of the GHQ-28. Exposure per shift only predicted scores on the intrusion subscale of the Impact of Event Scale-revised.ConclusionsThe present study, the first of its kind, suggests that frequency rather than duration of exposure to images of graphic violence is more emotionally distressing to journalists working with User Generated Content material. Given that good journalism depends on healthy journalists, news organisations will need to look anew at what can be done to offset the risks inherent in viewing User Generated Content material. Our findings, in need of replication, suggest that reducing the frequency of exposure may be one way to go.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen units of alcohol per week for males and nine units for females were considered the upper limit of acceptable weekly intake. 14 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Witnessing images of extreme violence: a psychological study of journalists in the newsroom

2014

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“…Our findings lend credence to this evidence and add new knowledge showing that the association between neighbourhood deprivation and drinking follows a U-shaped curve for men. While the average number of drinks consumed weekly by men in our sample is within the guidelines for low-risk drinking (no more than 14 per week for men),38 39 it should be noted that these numbers represent population averages. While almost half of the Canadian sample reported no drinking, there is a sub-population of men that drink more than the safely recommended amount.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Drinking in context: the influence of gender and neighbourhood deprivation on alcohol consumption

Matheson

White

Moineddin

et al. 2011

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Men, like women, experience gender-specific health difficulties (eg, alcohol-related problems) suggesting the need for a gendered focus on policies and services related to women's and men's health. The challenge for public health and primary care is to work together to target risk-taking behaviours among men through treatment, prevention and cultural/educational messages aimed at building healthy lifestyles.

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“…Hazardous drinking has widespread effects on health and social well-being (Bondy et al 1999; Sloan and Grossman 2011; Mokdad et al 2004). A recent research priority of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) includes identifying youth at-risk for hazardous drinking to inform prevention and intervention efforts, such as lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals (DHHS, Healthy People 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Disparities of Hazardous Drinking Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Individuals from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Dermody

Marshal

Cheong

et al. 2013

J Youth Adolescence

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Sexual minority (lesbian and gay, bisexual, mostly heterosexual) individuals are at an increased risk for hazardous drinking than heterosexual individuals, but little is known about the nature of the disparities as adolescents reach adulthood. We used four waves of a nationally representative data set, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), to examine disparities of hazardous drinking outcomes between sexual minority and heterosexual men and women from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were 14 to 18 years old at the first assessment (N = 12,379; 53% female) and 27 to 31 years old at the fourth assessment. At the fourth assessment, 13% self-identified as sexual minority individuals, 16% were Hispanic, and 36% were of minority race, including primarily African Americans (60%) and Asian Americans (18%). There were clear hazardous drinking disparities between sexual minority individuals and heterosexual individuals over time. During adolescence, sexual minority individuals, particularly females, reported higher levels of hazardous drinking. As study participants reached adulthood, the magnitude of the hazardous drinking disparities increased among sexual minorities, sexual minority men in particular. Additional research is needed to better understand the developmental mechanisms that underlie the emerging sexual orientation related disparities of hazardous drinking in young adulthood.

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Low-risk Drinking Guidelines: The Scientific Evidence

Abstract: A standard drink is defined as one 341 mL (12 oz.) bottle of beer (5% alcohol), one 142 mL (5 oz.) glass of table wine (12% alcohol), one 43 mL (1.5 oz.) serving of spirits (40% alcohol) or one 85 mL (3 oz.) serving of fortified wine, such as sherry or port (18% alcohol).

Cited by 121 publications

References 65 publications

Witnessing images of extreme violence: a psychological study of journalists in the newsroom

Witnessing images of extreme violence: a psychological study of journalists in the newsroom

Drinking in context: the influence of gender and neighbourhood deprivation on alcohol consumption

Longitudinal Disparities of Hazardous Drinking Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Individuals from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

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