Low Reynolds number aerodynamics of leading-edge and trailing-edge hinged control surfaces: Part I statics

Panta, Ashim; Fisher, Alex; Abdel‐Rohman, Mohamed; Marino, Matthew; Xu, Ru; H, Liu; Watkins, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.ast.2019.105563

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The forces on the LE control surface give rise to multiple complexities of nonlinear nature. The LE deflections were crucial mostly during higher values for the angle of attack [15] [16]. Experiments carried out to determine the efficiency and aerodynamic effects of these leading edge flaps have shown that the geometrical structure and the positioning of these flaps play a pivotal role during operations at high angles of attack.…”

Section: B Control Surfaces and Aerofoil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Soaring and Control Surface Dynamics of an Eagle and the Hummingbird’s Flapping Flight Aerodynamics

Dutta¹,

Chaugule²

2022

IJRASET

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This review tends to shed light on the eagle’s aerodynamic attributes along with its inbuilt structural control surfaces that facilitate its high maneuverability. Apart from this, few aspects of the eagle’s wing morphing techniques, its aerofoil, and its aerodynamic stability are also being highlighted. The aim is to highlight the bio-mimicable traits of an eagle which can be incorporated into bionic UAVs. This work acts as a base for current and future works involving slotted wingtips and bionic control surfaces. The traits discussed are being used to design mechanical control surfaces and wingtips that resemble the eagle’s slotted wings and control surfaces. These works when combined with compliant mechanisms can help improve roll and yaw control of a UAV along with drag reduction. This review also highlights the aerodynamics of flapping; specifically of the hummingbird. From the hummingbird’s aerodynamics to its hovering techniques; all of its main features are being highlighted. These birds have demonstrated a wide range of aerodynamic traits which if mimicked to near perfection could pave the way for new-age drones. Maneuverability and enhanced aerodynamic optimality could be the outset of extreme sustainability measures with these birds paving the way with their evolutionary flight measures. Apart from their aerodynamic traits, a few aspects of their wing morphing techniques and their evolutionary hereditary traits are also being highlighted.

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Section: B Control Surfaces and Aerofoil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Soaring and Control Surface Dynamics of an Eagle and the Hummingbird’s Flapping Flight Aerodynamics

Dutta¹,

Chaugule²

2022

IJRASET

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“…Further trailing edge hinged control surface was found to be more effective as compared to leading edge hinged. 36 Readers are requested to consult these writings in the subject of flight dynamics focusing MAVs design, manufacturing, maneuverability analysis, aerodynamic performance analysis, and flight stability. [37][38][39][40] Where there are many advantages of miniaturization, small-sized MAVs have a low mass moment of inertia, and therefore are susceptible to either small pilot input or an atmospheric gust which lead to unstable flight.…”

Section: Microaerial Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Here, Zα is calculated as U o Zw, and Zw is evaluated as depicted in equation (36). Since e Z u and f Z w terms has contributions from Z u cos θ, Z u sin θ, Z w cos θ, and Z w sin θ, phugoid mode behavior is more realistic physically; therefore, the proposed methodology is seemed to be a better representation of longitudinal flight modes as compared to the conventional methodology as adopted in Ref.…”

Section: Fight Characterization-natural Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel solution methodology for longitudinal flight characterization of a Flying-Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle

Shams

Shah

Shahzad

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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A longitudinal flight dynamic study of a low mass moment of inertia vehicle is presented. Aerodynamic and stability derivatives of a flying-wing microaerial vehicle (FWMAV) were obtained through detailed subsonic wind tunnel tests at a Reynolds Number of 1.87 × 105. Rate and acceleration derivatives were obtained using the potential flow solver, Tornado®. A novel methodology for the estimation of dimensional derivatives is proposed, and results are compared with the conventional linear time-invariant systems (LTI) approach. Free response for natural frequency, damping coefficient, and time constant as well as forced response upon a unit step and a unit impulse elevon input has been calculated and analyzed. The proposed methodology predicted two pairs of complex conjugates for the longitudinal flight up to a pitch angle of 89° whereas the conventional methodology predicted the same up to 57°. Longitudinal modes sensitivity in terms of stability with the variation of mass, velocity, and pitch angle has also been analyzed. The flying-wing microaerial vehicle was able to sustain straight and level flight during flight trials; however, higher frequencies of phugoid and short period modes were observed. These high frequencies were the consequence of large magnitude of [Formula: see text] (ratio of Z-force derivative with the angle of attack and cruise velocity) and [Formula: see text] (ratio of Z-force derivative with the axial velocity and cruise velocity). It is concluded that the proposed methodology presented a more realistic representation of longitudinal flight modes since classical flight modes are captured till 89° which conventional LTI methodology failed to do so.

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“…If a single alula or asymmetrically arranged alulae are used, roll can be controlled, with an efficiency one order of magnitude better than traditional flaps and ailerons, as shown in Figure 10. The alula could produce a maximum roll moment of 0.036, which is better than the control force of a −20° flap aileron [23][24][25]. Subsequently, Linehan et al [26] constructed a sliding-alula wing (SAW) and carried out a wind-tunnel experiment.…”

Section: Bionic Application Of the Alulamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress of Aerodynamic Mechanisms Based on Avian Leading-Edge Alula and Future Study Recommendations

et al. 2021

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Birds in nature have many unique devices to help them acquire excellent flight abilities under various complex flight conditions. One of the unique devices is the leading-edge alula, located at the junction of the arm wing and the hand wing of most birds. It often spreads out during takeoff and landing, probably playing a similar role to high-lift devices in fixed-wing aircraft. This paper analyzed and reviewed the results of current research on leading-edge alula, finding some important factors, such as the complex flapping motions, flexibility, and the plane and section shape of the wing, that have been ignored in current research to a certain extent. These would greatly affect the conclusions obtained. Hence, for a deeper understanding of the aerodynamic mechanisms and functions of the alula, some new study predictions for future research are presented. In addition, the feasible models and methods for further research based on these predictions are discussed and proposed. For example, the higher-accuracy LES or hybrid LES/RANS method and the combinations of these methods with wind-tunnel experiments using PIV technology are recommended.

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Low Reynolds number aerodynamics of leading-edge and trailing-edge hinged control surfaces: Part I statics

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Thermal Soaring and Control Surface Dynamics of an Eagle and the Hummingbird’s Flapping Flight Aerodynamics

Thermal Soaring and Control Surface Dynamics of an Eagle and the Hummingbird’s Flapping Flight Aerodynamics

A novel solution methodology for longitudinal flight characterization of a Flying-Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle

The Progress of Aerodynamic Mechanisms Based on Avian Leading-Edge Alula and Future Study Recommendations

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