Low Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Symptomatic Patients Attending a Pediatric Emergency Department

Zurl, Christoph; Eber, Ernst; Siegl, Anna; Loeffler, Sabine; Stelzl, Evelyn; Kessler, Harald H.; Egger, Markus; Schweintzger, Nina A.; Zenz, Werner; Strenger, Volker

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.637167

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Evidence indicates that children seldom develop a severe clinical presentation of SARS-COV2 infection and are less prone to transmit it than adults (1)(2)(3)(4). For example, in China, more than 90% of infected children had a mild or moderate clinical presentation, a finding consistent with later reports (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

González-García

Castilla-Peón

Santos

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: SARS-COV2 appears less frequently and less severely in the pediatric population than in the older age groups. There is a need to precisely estimate the specific risks for each age group to design health and education policies suitable for each population.Objective: This study aimed to describe the risk of death in SARS-COV2 infected subjects by age group and according to the presence of comorbidities.Methods: We analyzed data of confirmed SARS-COV2 infection cases where symptoms began between February 22th, 2020, and April 18th, 2021, as published by the General Epidemiology Direction (DGE) of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We calculated COVID-19 incidence and mortality by age group using population data from the Statistics and Population National Institute (INEGI), and estimated the association between risk of death and the presence of comorbidities.Results: Mortality in SARS-COV2 infected people varied considerably, between 7 and 155 deaths per million per year in the under-20 age groups compared to 441 to 15,929 in the older age groups. Mortality in pediatric populations is strongly associated with comorbidities (OR: 4.6-47.9) compared to the milder association for older age groups (OR: 3.16–1.23).Conclusion: The risk of death from SARS-COV2 infection in children is low and is strongly associated with comorbidities.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

González-García

Castilla-Peón

Santos

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…The low PPV of the screen reinforces the notion that it remains difficult to distinguish COVID-19 infection in children from other viral illnesses. An Austrian study evaluating the question determined that aside from having a temperature greater than 37.5°C, symptoms at the time of presentation did not differ significantly between patients with and without COVID-19 [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Screening in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Hammett¹,

Loiselle²,

Palmer³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Screening for COVID-19 infection in pediatrics is challenging as its clinical presentation may be asymptomatic or mimic other common childhood infections. We examined the use of a COVID-19 screening protocol (CSP) in the pediatric emergency department (PED) to determine the incidence of positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in patients who are CSP+ and CSP-.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 testing completed in an urban tertiary care PED from November 1 to December 31, 2020. Demographics, CSP designation, test results, and disposition were compared. Statistical significance was determined using chisquare or a comparison of means. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results: A total of 1,613 patients had SARS-CoV-2 tests completed with 9.1% (N=147) having positive test results. Of 1,014 (62.9%) patients who were CSP+, 12.9% tested positive. Comparatively, 599 (37.1%) patients were CSP-with only 2.7% positive tests, p<0.0001. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of the CSP in all tested patients were 89.1%, 39.8%, 97.3%, and 12.9%, respectively. Of tested patients, 887 (55.0%) were admitted to the hospital and were more likely to be positive if CSP+, p≤0.001. Within the admitted group, 16.8% were admitted to the operating room, of whom 83.9% were CSP-with 4.0% testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions: COVID-19 screening in the pediatric population is a useful modality to risk stratify most patients presenting to the PED for the purpose of selective testing and guiding personal protective equipment use. This may be particularly useful in low-resource settings.

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“…Evidence indicates that children seldom develop a severe clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-COV 2) infection and are less prone to transmit it than adults [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Growth Rates and Pattern of COVID-19 Deaths Per Million

Raham

2022

JAMMR

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Background: Population growth rate (PGR )can reflect the age group structure of the community because low PGR usually indicates low birth rate and old age structure of the community. As PGR is a single easily recalled from public sources (unlike the age distribution), we designed this study to look for any relation between PGR's impact on COVID-19 mortality and looking for a new indicator for COVID-19 mortality risk assessment. The importance of this study is to study the relation between COVID -19 pandemic and the universal trend in decreasing PGRs and continual change in population structure. Methods: Ninety-two countries with a total population of more than ten million people were chosen as a sample for this study. We used publically available data for PGRs and COVID-19 deaths per one million populations. These countries were classified into three groups according to COVID-19 death rate per million people as follows: < 1000 / (62 Countries), COVID-19 death rate 1000-2000 (11 Countries), and > 2000 (19 Countries). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as a statistical method to provide information about levels of variability within a regression model and form a basis for testing the fitted logarithmic model for significance. Results: PGR was inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a too highly significant association (p-value 0.000). Conclusion: We described a novel method to predict countries at increased risk for COVID-19 death through PGR estimation. Low PGR is correlated with the increased COVID-19 mortality rate for COVID-19 and vice versa.

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Low Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Symptomatic Patients Attending a Pediatric Emergency Department

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

COVID-19 Screening in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Population Growth Rates and Pattern of COVID-19 Deaths Per Million

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