Low protein intake during reproduction compromises the recovery of lactation‐induced bone loss in female mouse dams without affecting skeletal muscles

Kanakis, Ioannis; Alameddine, Moussira; Scalabrin, Mattia; Hof, Rob J van ‘t; Liloglou, Triantafillos; Ozanne, Susan E.; Goljanek‐Whysall, Katarzyna; Vasilaki, Aphrodite

doi:10.1096/fj.202001131r

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Reconstruction of the image datasets was performed using NRecon and regions of interest were selected using Dataviewer and CTan software. Trabecular and cortical parameters were analysed using CTAn in the proximal metaphysis and midshaft using 400 and 100 slices, respectively [ 71 , 72 ]. For trabecular bone analysis, mineralised cartilage served as a reference point [ 73 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice—A Pilot Study

Giakoumaki

Pollock

Aljuaid

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Sarcopenia is characterised by an age-related decrease in the number of muscle fibres and additional weakening of the remaining fibres, resulting in a reduction in muscle mass and function. Many studies associate poor maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation with altered skeletal muscle homeostasis in the offspring and the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the musculoskeletal physiology in offspring born to mouse dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy was altered and whether any physiological changes could be modulated by the nutritional protein content in early postnatal stages. Thy1-YFP female mice were fed ad libitum on either a normal (20%) or a low-protein (5%) diet. Newborn pups were cross-fostered to different lactating dams (maintained on a 20% or 5% diet) to generate three groups analysed at weaning (21 days): Normal-to-Normal (NN), Normal-to-Low (NL) and Low-to-Normal (LN). Further offspring were maintained ad libitum on the same diet as during lactation until 12 weeks of age, creating another three groups (NNN, NLL, LNN). Mice on a low protein diet postnatally (NL, NLL) exhibited a significant reduction in body and muscle weight persisting up to 12 weeks, unlike mice on a low protein diet only prenatally (LN, LNN). Muscle fibre size was reduced in mice from the NL but not LN group, showing recovery at 12 weeks of age. Muscle force was reduced in NLL mice, concomitant with changes in the NMJ site and changes in atrophy-related and myosin genes. In addition, μCT scans of mouse tibiae at 12 weeks of age revealed changes in bone mass and morphology, resulting in a higher bone mass in the NLL group than the control NNN group. Finally, changes in the expression of miR-133 in the muscle of NLL mice suggest a regulatory role for this microRNA in muscle development in response to postnatal diet changes. Overall, this data shows that a low maternal protein diet and early postnatal life low-protein intake in mice can impact skeletal muscle physiology and function in early life while postnatal low protein diet favours bone integrity in adulthood.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice—A Pilot Study

Giakoumaki

Pollock

Aljuaid

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reconstruction of the image datasets was performed using NRecon and regions of interest were selected using Dataviewer and CTan software. Trabecular and cortical parameters were analysed using CTAn in the proximal metaphysis and midshaft using 400 and 100 slices, respectively [30,31] For trabecular bone analysis, mineralised cartilage served as a reference point [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal protein intake as a determinant of skeletal muscle structure and function in mice – a pilot study

Kanakis

Giakoumaki

Pollock

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Sarcopenia is characterised by an age-related decrease in the number of muscle fibres and additional weakening of the remaining fibres, resulting in a reduction in muscle mass and function. Many studies associate poor maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation with altered skeletal muscle homeostasis in the offspring and the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the musculoskeletal physiology in offspring born to mouse dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy was altered and whether any physiological changes could be modulated by the nutritional protein content in early postnatal stages. Thy1-YFP female mice were fed ad libitum on either a normal (20%) or a low-protein (5%) diet. Newborn pups were cross-fostered to different lactating dams (maintained on 20% or 5% diet) to generate 3 groups analysed at weaning (21 days): Normal-to-Normal (NN), Normal-to-Low (NL) and Low-to-Normal (LN). Further offspring were maintained ad libitum on the same diet as during lactation until 12 weeks of age creating another 3 groups (NNN, NLL, LNN). Mice on a low protein diet postnatally (NL, NLL) exhibited a significant reduction in body and muscle weight persisting up to 12 weeks, unlike mice on a low protein diet only prenatally (LN, LNN). Muscle fibre size was reduced in mice from the NL but not LN group, showing recovery at 12 weeks of age. Muscle force was reduced in NLL mice, concomitant with changes in the NMJ site and changes in atrophy-related and myosin genes. In addition, μCT scans of mouse tibiae at 12 weeks of age revealed changes in bone mass and morphology, resulting in a higher bone mass in the NLL group than in the control NNN group. Finally, changes in the expression of miR-133 in the muscle of NLL mice suggest a regulatory role for this microRNA in muscle development in response to postnatal diet changes. Overall, this data shows that a low maternal protein diet and early postnatal life low-protein intake in mice can impact skeletal muscle physiology and function in early life while postnatal low protein diet favors bone integrity in adulthood.

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“…In contrast to earlier studies, the ALP levels were elevated in the LQP and LP offspring. Earlier studies reported differential results with decreased levels of ALP in rat plasma [51] and mouse osteoblasts [52], along with increased levels in monkey offspring born to LP mothers [53]. Decreased Hb levels in LP offspring suggest that exposure to an MLP diet for a long period (pre-pregnancy to post-weaning) may pose a risk for the development of anaemia.…”

Section: Imapct Of Mlqp and Mlp Diets In The Offspringmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chronic Effects of Maternal Low-Protein and Low-Quality Protein Diets on Body Composition, Glucose-Homeostasis and Metabolic Factors, Followed by Reversible Changes upon Rehabilitation in Adult Rat Offspring

et al. 2021

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Several studies suggest that the maternal protein content and source can affect the offspring’s health. However, the chronic impact of maternal quality and quantity protein restriction, and reversible changes upon rehabilitation, if any, in the offspring, remains elusive. This study examined the effects of maternal low-quality protein (LQP) and low-protein (LP) intake from preconception to post-weaning, followed by rehabilitation from weaning, on body composition, glucose-homeostasis, and metabolic factors in rat offspring. Wistar rats were exposed to normal protein (NP; 20% casein), LQP (20% wheat gluten) or LP (8% casein) isocaloric diets for 7 weeks before pregnancy until lactation. After weaning, the offspring were exposed to five diets: NP, LQP, LQPR (LQP rehabilitated with NP), LP, and LPR (LP rehabilitated with NP) for 16 weeks. Body composition, glucose-homeostasis, lipids, and plasma hormones were investigated. The LQP and LP offspring had lower bodyweight, fat and lean mass, insulin and HOMA-IR than the NP. The LQP offspring had higher cholesterol, T3 and T4, and lower triacylglycerides and glucose, while these were unaltered in LP compared to NP. The majority of the above outcomes were reversed upon rehabilitation. These results suggest that the chronic exposure of rats to maternal LQP and LP diets induced differential adverse effects by influencing body composition and metabolism, which were reversed upon rehabilitation.

show abstract

Low protein intake during reproduction compromises the recovery of lactation‐induced bone loss in female mouse dams without affecting skeletal muscles

Cited by 10 publications

References 102 publications

Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice—A Pilot Study

Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice—A Pilot Study

Postnatal protein intake as a determinant of skeletal muscle structure and function in mice – a pilot study

Chronic Effects of Maternal Low-Protein and Low-Quality Protein Diets on Body Composition, Glucose-Homeostasis and Metabolic Factors, Followed by Reversible Changes upon Rehabilitation in Adult Rat Offspring

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